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Title: Systems/Handhelds/Palm OS/Programming/File Formats - PRC Format An attempt to decipher and describe the PalmPilot .prc file format.

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The PRC Format

as guessed/compiled from various sources byTheodore Ts'oLast updated February 15, 2000Recent Changes to This Document New!

Thanks to Ian Goldberg, the format of the RLE compression in the Dataresource is now documented.

Introduction

Up until now, there really hasn't been a public documentation ofthe PRC format. This was was frustrating for me since I wanted towrite a BFD backend for PRCexecutables. I tried looking at the sources for some of thealternative software Pilot development programs, such as Pila andprc-tools. Unfortunately, these programs would often treat headerfields as "magic", and often different programs would do completelydifferent things with the same fields.This document is my attempt to rectify this situation. It is theproduct of both research into existing implementations, as well asexperimentation to clarify some minor points of how the Pilot toolswork. Some of my sources include:The Pila compiler for UnixThe obj-res and emit-prc programs from the prc-tools packageInside MacintoshAny mistakes in this document should be considered my responsibility,however, and not the responsibility of these sources. If you find anymistakes, or have anything to contribute, please contact me via emailat tytso@mit.edu.

High-level format of a PRC file.

An application for the pilot is simply a Pilot resource databasewith a number of mandatory resources (CODE 0, CODE 1, DATA 0, PREF 0,etc.) The PRC file, then, is simply the flat file representation of aPilot resource database. When the PRC file is loaded into the Pilot, it isconverted into a resource database using the PalmOS routinedmCreateDatabaseFromImage().The PRC format consists of the following major pieces: PRC Header PRC Resource Headers PRC Resources

PRC header

The PRC Header is located at the very beginning of the file, andcontains the following information:offset name type size notes0x00namechar32[1]0x20flagsint2[2]0x22versionint2[3]0x24create_timepilot_time_t4[4]0x28mod_timepilot_time_t4[4]0x2Cbackup_timepilot_time_t4[4]0x30mod_numint4[5]0x34app_infoint4[5]0x38sort_infoint4[5]0x3Ctypeint4[6]0x40idint4[7]0x44unique_id_seed int4[5]0x48next_record_listint4[5]0x4Cnum_recordsint2[8][1] The name field is zero terminated and is usually zero padded. The pilaassembler sneaks 'Pila' into the last 4 bytes of this field[2] The 'flags' field is 0x01 for PRC executables. The 0x40 bit is setif the executable is considered non-beamble. (Note that this means it's probably fairly easy to make a non-beamble application to be beamable...)[3] The 'version' field is 0x01 for PRC executables[4] Pilot time is defined to be the number of seconds since January 1,1904 (i.e, Macintosh time).[5] This field must be zero for PRC executables[6] The 'type' field must be 'appl' for PRC executables[7] The 'id' field is a four character "creator code", ala the Macintosh[8] The 'num_records' field contains the number of resources in thePRC file.

PRC Resource Headers

The Resource headers follow immediately after the PRC Header field.The num_records field in the PRC Header indicates the number ofresources contained in the PRC file, and there is a 10 byte resourceheader for each resource.name type size notesnamechar4Name of the resourceid int2ID number of the resourceoffset int4Pointer to the resource data

PRC Resources

The actual data for the resources follow after the resourceheaders. The resource data records are stored in order as theyappeared in the resource headers. (Since the resource header does nothave a size field, the size is determined by examining the where theoffset pointer for the next resource.)The Mysterious Code #0 ResourceThe contents of this resource have been (up until now) somewhatmysterious, with different packages --- Metroworks, Pila, and theobj-res program from the prc-tools package --- generating in somecases very different values.Pila creates an 8 byte resource, with the first four bytesdescribed as the initialized data size and the next four bytesdescribed as the unitialized data size. Pila stores the size of thedata segment in the first field, and the second field is always filledwith zeros.The obj-res program from the prc-tools package does something quitedifferent. It creates a 24 byte resource, which is filled in as follows:offsetvalue00x000000284[bss+data segments rounded up to 4 bytes]80x00000008120x00000020160x0000180x3F3C200x0001220xA9F0The obj-res program treated most of the fields in the 24 byteresource as magic values, apparently obtained from looking at thecontents of the code 0 resource from PRC files generated by theMetroworks compiler, since applications generated by the Metrowerkscompiler have similar code 0 resources. I believe that the code 0 resource is identical to that which isused by the 68k Macintosh. This explains why pila can use such adifferent code 0 resource, and yet still produce working appications.To explain this, though, we need to take a detour and look at theMacintosh memory management model.The Code 0 Resource on the MacintoshOn the Macintosh, when an application is lauched, MacOS allocatesallocates a block of memory known as an applicationpartition, which has the following format: +-------------------+ /| | / | Jump table | | +-------------------+ A5 world ---> | | Appl. Params | | +-------------------+

An	attempt	to	decipher
and	describe	the	PalmPilot	.prc
file	format.

http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/pilot/prc-format.html

PRC Format 2008 October

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An attempt to decipher and describe the PalmPilot .prc file format.

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