comp.sys.hp.hpux FAQ@import 'http://faqs.org/abstracts/css/default.css';@import 'http://faqs.org/search.css';[ Usenet FAQs | Search | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Search the FAQ Archives MultiPagecomp.sys.hp.hpux FAQThere are reader questions on this topic!Helpothers by sharing your knowledgeMessage-ID: <hp/hpux-faq_1219468211@rtfm.mit.edu>X-Last-Updated: 2008/02/26From: hpux.faq@gmail.comNewsgroups: comp.sys.hp.hpuxSubject: comp.sys.hp.hpux FAQSummary: This is the FAQ for the HP-UX operating system, version 10 and later.Keywords: HP-UX, HPUX, FAQ, 10.0, 10.20, 10.x, 11.0, 11.x, 11i, 11.22, 11.23, 11.30Date: 23 Aug 2008 05:11:36 GMTArchive-name: hp/hpux-faqVersion: 11.30.0802.00Last-modified: 2008/02/25Maintainer: Ian SpringerURL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faqHTML-URL: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hpux-faq/Revision-Frequency: rarelyPosting-Frequency: every 10 daysDisclaimer: Approval for *.answers is based on form, not content.Copyright: (c)2001-2008 Ian Springercomp.sys.hp.hpux FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)Subject: 1. INTRODUCTIONOverview========This article contains the answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) seenin the Usenet newsgroup comp.sys.hp.hpux. Issues may also be discussed incomp.sys.hp.apps, comp.sys.hp.misc, and comp.sys.hp.hardware. Discussionin this document centers around Hewlett-Packard computer systems runningthe HP-UX[R] operating system; the focus is on HP-UX 10.20, and later,running on HP9000 Series 700 workstations and HP9000 Series 800 servers,though some of the information presented may also apply to earlierversions of HP-UX, including HP-UX for Series 300, 400, 500, and 600HP9000 machines. Previous versions of this FAQ contained some informationspecific to HP-UX 9.x and earlier; such information has been removed, asof version 11.11.0105 of the FAQ. This decision was made because HP-UXversions 10.00 and earlier have been officially classified as obsolete byHP, as well as to permit greater focus on the more current versions ofHP-UX. The FAQ will be updated every other month or as the maintainersees fit, and it will be posted on Usenet once a month.Copyright Notice================This FAQ is Copyright (c) 2001-2008, Ian Springer, all rights reserved. Itmay be freely redistributed in its entirety, provided that this copyrightnotice is not removed. It may not be sold for profit or incorporated incommercial documents without the written permission of the copyrightholder. Permission is expressly granted for this document to be madeavailable for file transfer from installations offering unrestrictedanonymous file transfer on the Internet. This article is provided as is,without any express or implied warranty. While every effort has beenmade to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this FAQ, themaintainer and contributors assume no responsibility for errors oromissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the informationcontained herein. The content of this FAQ does not represent the opinionsof the maintainer's employer, contributors' employers, or the Hewlett-Packard Company.Format======This FAQ is written in "minimal digest format" as described at<http://www.faqs.org/faqs/faqs/minimal-digest-format/>.Unanswered Questions====================For other questions and answers not included in this FAQ, please searchfor the answer in the newsgroup archives at <http://groups.google.com/>Many times, what you want to know has been asked and answered many timesbefore, and you will get your answer quicker searching through<http://groups.google.com/>. When searching, include the expression"group:comp.sys.hp.hpux" along with your keywords to narrow the searchto only comp.sys.hp.hpux.If you are unable to find the answer to your question in the newsgrouparchives, then go ahead and post your question to comp.sys.hp.hpux.Submitting Feedback===================All feedback is appreciated. Submissions, corrections, comments, andcomplaints should be directed to Ian Springer<hpux DOT faq AT gmail DOT com>.Subject: 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION2. TABLE OF CONTENTS3. GENERAL INFORMATION 3.1 What does HP-UX stand for? 3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX? 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX? 3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms? 3.5 What is HP's address and phone number? 3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes? 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?4. RESOURCES 4.1 FAQs 4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file? 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist? 4.2 Web Sites 4.2.1 HP Sites 4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site? 4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web? 4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web? 4.2.1.4 Other HP Sites 4.2.2 Non-HP Sites 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.org 4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLine 4.3 Newsgroups 4.3.1 List of Usenet newsgroups 4.3.2 HP's newsgroup policy 4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX Forum 4.4 Mailing Lists 4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing List 4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing List 4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing List 4.5 Periodicals 4.5.1 hp-ux/usr 4.5.2 The HP Chronicle 4.6 Books 4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books 4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books 4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x Books 4.6.4 CDE Books 4.6.5 Books from HP 4.6.6 HP Product Manuals 4.7 Local Files 4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference Manual 4.7.2 /usr/share/doc 4.8 Conferences and Workshops 4.8.1 HP World Conference & Expo 4.8.2 InterWorks Conference 4.8.3 HP/Works Technical Workshops 4.9 Courses and Certifications 4.9.1 Courses offered by HP 4.10 Organizations 4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S. 4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals 4.10.1.2 InterWorks 4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S. 4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks) 4.10.2.2 HP/Works 4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users Association 4.11 Third-Party Vendors 4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor Listing5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION 5.1 Auditing and Security 5.1.1 How do group privileges work? 5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead of the recipient? 5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the console? 5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins? 5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to security advisories? 5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN? 5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and non-trusted systems? 5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length, password history, and maximum simultaneous logins? 5.1.9 What is the sticky bit's purpose? 5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar device? 5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses? 5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for maximum security? 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux? 5.2 Backup and Recovery 5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup? 5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape? 5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully slowly? 5.2.4 What CD burning software is available? 5.3 Disks and File Systems 5.3.1 How can I enable long file names? 5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk? 5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)? 5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space? 5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk? 5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when I try to use it? 5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter? 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached? 5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system startup? 5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party disks? 5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable? 5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems? 5.4 Display 5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type? 5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation? 5.5 Kernel Configuration 5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel? 5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or 64-bit kernel? 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various kernel parameters? 5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and Performance 5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing? 5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command? 5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance? 5.7 Networking and Communications 5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution? 5.7.2 How can I track network packets? 5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network interface? 5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to TCP on HP-UX? 5.7.5 How do I disable IP Forwarding? 5.7.6 Why is ifconfig giving me errors when I try to configure my LAN? 5.7.7 How do I change the hostname, IP address, DNS Server, etc? 5.7.8 How do I determine the speed and duplexity of my network interface? 5.7.9 How do I display all active Internet (TCP and UDP) connections? 5.7.10 Can multiple IP addresses be configured on one interface? 5.7.11 How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700? 5.7.12 Where can I get STREAMS for HP-UX? 5.7.13 What version of BIND (named) comes with HP-UX? 5.7.14 What version of sendmail comes with HP-UX? 5.7.15 What version of NFS comes with HPUX? 5.7.16 What is the difference between automount and AutoFS? 5.7.17 Can I configure multiple network interfaces on the same subnet? 5.7.18 Does HP-UX come with a DHCP server? 5.7.19 Is there a port management tool / firewall for HP-UX? 5.8 Peripheral Devices 5.8.1 How do I use the floppy drive on my HP-UX workstation? 5.8.2 How can I format a floppy under HP-UX? 5.8.3 How can I get an Exabyte to work on an HP? 5.8.4 How can I get a stuck DDS tape out of the drive? 5.8.5 Do I need to terminate the internal SCSI on a 700? 5.8.6 How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation's CD-ROM drive? 5.8.7 How can I set up /dev/audio to point to the external jack on a 700? 5.8.8 How can I configure the parallel port handshake on a 700? 5.8.9 What are the specs of the audio hardware on the 700 series? 5.8.10 Is there a trackball for the 700? 5.8.11 What keyboards and mice are compatible with HP9000 workstations? 5.8.12 How do I change the keyboard type (e.g. from UK to German or vice versa) after HP-UX is already installed? 5.8.13 How do I ascertain which device file corresponds to my CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive? 5.9 Printers and Plotters 5.9.1 What happened to lpr? 5.9.2 Why does lpstat report the printer down, even though it's not? 5.9.3 How can I turn off the LP banner page? 5.9.4 How can I print man pages without losing the formatting? 5.9.5 How can I view and print Postscript (.ps) files? 5.10 Process Management 5.10.1 How much memory can a process use? 5.10.2 Why do my processes keep dying at 64 MB memory usage? 5.10.3 How do I set per-process limits? 5.10.4 How can I tell what files, ports, etc.. a process has open? 5.10.5 How can I get the ps command to display more than 64 characters of process command lines? 5.11 Routine Tasks 5.11.1 How can I track log files and core files? 5.11.2 What's a good strategy for clearing /tmp and /var/tmp? 5.12 Software Management 5.12.1 General Software Management 5.12.1.1 Where can I find out more about Software Distributor (SD-UX)? 5.12.1.2 How can I tell what products have been loaded on my system? 5.12.1.3 How do I safely remove software from my system? 5.12.1.4 How is the unique node ID used for licensing determined? 5.12.1.5 What is Ignite-UX? 5.12.2 Patch Management 5.12.2.1 Where do I get HP-UX patches? 5.12.2.2 How can I list all installed patches? 5.12.2.3 How can I tell what patches are in the kernel? 5.12.2.4 How do I get rid of these old 10.x patches since I upgraded to 11.x? 5.12.2.5 How can I install multiple patches, without having to reboot more than once? 5.12.2.6 How do I configure swlist to not display superseded patches? 5.12.2.7 What is the naming convention used for HP-UX patch names? 5.12.2.8 Where can I get OpenView patches? 5.13 Time 5.13.1 How can I change the timezone? 5.13.2 How can I print yesterday's or tomorrow's date? 5.13.3 How can I convert a timestamp (seconds since the Epoch) to a date/time string? 5.13.4 What is the purpose of the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel parameters? 5.14 Users and Groups 5.14.1 How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license? 5.14.2 How can I set up group-based FTP access? 5.14.3 Has /etc/logingroup functionality changed in 11.x? 5.15 X-Windows and CDE 5.15.1 X Window System (X11) 5.15.1.1 Where can I get X11R6? 5.15.1.2 Where can I get the missing X11 header files? 5.15.1.3 How can I set up an HP-UX workstation as an X terminal? 5.15.1.4 How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms? 5.15.1.5 How can I change the title in my hpterm titlebar? 5.15.1.6 Why do my terminal windows keep going away by themselves? 5.15.1.7 How can I get console messages to go to an hpterm? 5.15.1.8 What's a good termcap entry for hpterm? 5.15.1.9 My screen is wedged. What should I do? 5.15.1.10 How can I get an X app to come up in an alternate workspace? 5.15.2 Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 5.15.2.1 What happened to VUE? 5.15.2.2 How do I start/stop/reset CDE (dtlogin)? 5.15.2.3 How can I enable/disable CDE (dtlogin)? 5.15.2.4 Why does id/groups not show secondary groups in dtterm/CDE? 5.15.2.5 How can I improve CDE's performance? 5.15.2.6 Is there a CDE FAQ? 5.15.2.7 When I log on to CDE, I want certain applications to automatically start. How can this be done ? 5.15.2.8 How do I get cut-n-paste to work correctly with CDE? 5.15.2.9 Why do NCD X-terminals hang when trying to connect via XDMCP to an HP-UX 10.20 host running CDE?6. DEVELOPMENT 6.1 General 6.1.1 What threads support is provided? 6.1.2 What's the deal with _INCLUDE_xxxx_SOURCE? 6.1.3 Where can I find a list of all available system calls? 6.1.4 How can I tell if something was built debuggable? 6.1.5 Why is syslog() call not doing what i want it to? 6.1.6 How can I get C programs to automatically generate stack dumps? 6.1.7 HP C++ email discussion lists 6.1.8 HP-UX development email discussion lists 6.2 Compiling and Linking 6.2.1 Why is the default C compiler brain-dead? 6.2.2 How do I make Perl on HP-UX? 6.2.3 How do I deal with "too many defines"? 6.2.4 Why do I get "_builtin_va_start" undefined when I build with gcc? 6.2.5 Is there some kind of problem with using FLT_MIN in ANSI mode? 6.2.6 Why do I get the error "*Initialization*:1: missing token-sequence in `#assert'" when I compile with gcc? 6.2.7 How can I detect the HP-UX version at compile time? 6.3 Porting 6.3.1 Porting from an Earlier Release of HP-UX 6.3.2 Porting from Other Platforms (Solaris, AIX, etc..) 6.3.3 How do I know if binaries built on a one release of HP-UX are compatible with a different release of HP-UX? 6.4 Tools 6.4.1 Where can I get Interviews for HP-UX? 6.4.2 Is there a disassembler included with HP-UX? 7. APPS AND UTILS 7.1 Freeware 7.1.1 HP Freeware 7.1.1.1 Patches 7.1.1.2 Drivers 7.1.1.3 I heard there is a new ftpd available. Where do I get it? 7.1.1.4 HPRC FTP Site 7.1.1.5 GNOME 7.1.2 Non-HP Freeware 7.1.2.1 The Software Porting And Archive Centre for HP-UX 7.1.2.2 InterWorks FTP site 7.1.2.3 Netperf 7.1.2.4 SLIP and CSLIP 7.1.2.5 PPP 7.1.2.6 SMTP 7.1.2.7 POP and IMAP 7.1.2.8 Sudo 7.1.2.9 Ntalk 7.1.2.10 TTCP 7.1.2.11 Free SCSI utilities for HP-UX workstations 7.1.2.12 PSCREEN/uX 7.1.2.13 GNU software 7.1.2.14 Web browsers 7.1.2.15 Miscellaneous freeware 7.1.2.16 RealAudio Player 7.1.2.17 CD Burning Software 7.2 Shareware 7.3 Commercial Software 7.3.1 HP Commercial Software 7.3.1.1 Where can I find release histories for various HP software products? 7.3.1.2 Where can I find a list of all applications that are available for HP-UX? 7.3.2 Non-HP Commercial Software 7.3.2.1 Interex FastStart Toolbox 7.3.2.2 Is there anything remotely like the Apollo DM editor available?8. MISCELLANEOUS 8.1 How can I find the HP-UX equivalent for a given Solaris/AIX/etc.. command? 8.2 What do I need to do to make my HP-UX system Year 2000 compliant? 8.3 How do I boot into single user mode? 8.4 How can I send mail to an MPE/iX HPDESK address? 8.5 How can I limit core files? 8.6 How do I disable the Caps Lock key? 8.7 Why does my Korn shell login hang? 8.8 How can I avoid those annoying copyright notices on login? 8.9 How can I turn off quota checking? 8.10 Why can't I start Aserver? 8.11 How can I get a daemon to successfully start from an rc script? 8.12 How do I convert the uname string to a model string? 8.13 Is Perl included with HP-UX? 8.14 Why can't I type an '@' character? 8.15 Why can't I get my machine into boot admin mode? 8.16 What happened to "less"? 8.17 What should go in my PATH and MANPATH environment variables? 8.18 Why does the 10.x/11.x cksum command produce a different checksum than the 9.x cksum command? 8.19 Can I run Linux on an HP9000 system? 8.20 Can I run *BSD on an HP9000 system? 8.21 What happened to /usr/local? What are these /usr/contrib and /opt directories? 8.22 Is it OK to change root's shell? 8.23 Why does HP-UX 10 generate copious "Sti_save" syslog messages? 8.24 How can I tell which kernel was booted? 8.25 What is the equivalent of ldd under HP-UX? 8.26 How do I configure a program to automatically start up or shutdown when the system starts up or shuts down? 8.27 How can I do regular expression matching? 8.28 How can I play MP3s? 8.29 How can I use audio on HP-UX 10.x/11.x without a network? 8.30 Is there a tool to trace system calls? 8.31 What OS capacity limits exist? 8.32 How can I determine how much RAM my system has? 8.33 What are the various revisions of PA-RISC? 8.34 How do I find the clock speed of my system's CPU(s)? 8.35 How can I view/print PDF files? 8.36 How do I read an SGI-written tar format DDS tape? 8.37 Is the Euro supported? 8.38 How can I view various Windows-format files (Word docs, Excel spreadsheets, etc..) on an HP-UX system? 8.39 How is the system load average, as reported by the uptime and top commands, calculated? 8.40 Where can I get HP9000 firmware updates? 8.41 Where can I look up HP part numbers? 8.42 How can I create a /dev/zero special file? 8.43 Why is tail's output truncated for large amounts of input? 8.44 What commands or scripts exist for gathering and summarizing system information? 8.45 How can I convert numbers from one base to another? 8.46 What are the machine ID and serial number used for? 8.47 How can I tell what commands SAM is executing under the hood? 8.48 How can I view a file in octal or hexadecimal? 8.49 How do I configure the kernel to write corefiles as core.<pid>? 8.50 How do I analyze a system crash dump? 8.51 Is HP-UX free for non-profit users (students, hobbyists, etc..)? 8.52 Where can I obtain a free HP-UX shell account? 8.53 How do I grep for an exact word as with "grep -w" in Linux?9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9.1 Contributors 9.2 TrademarksSubject: 3. GENERAL INFORMATIONSubject: 3.1 What does HP-UX stand for?Added: 04/16/01HP-UX is short for Hewlett-Packard UNIX[R].Subject: 3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX?Updated: 08/23/01For starters, there is the HP-UX homepage: o <http://unix.hp.com/>Also, check out the HP-UX page at OSdata.com: o <http://osdata.com/oses/hpux.htm>If you have an HP-UX 11.x system, read the introduction(9) manpage. Itcontains a lot of good background information.Subject: 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX?Updated: 05/17/07Rel Date Major Features Introduced==========================================================================1.0 '83?1.1 '83?1.2 '83?2.0 '83?2.1 '84?2.2 '84?3.0 '84?3.1 '85?3.2 '85?4.0 '85?5.0 2H/855.05 '86?5.1 '885.2 '89?5.21 '89?5.3 04/896.0 '896.0.1 '896.0.2 '896.1 '896.2 '896.3 '896.5 02/897.00 mid '90 Motif[R]7.01 '897.02 '907.03 <08/897.04 '907.05 '907.06 '907.07 '907.08 '907.09 '908.00 01/918.01 '918.02 04/928.03 '918.04 '918.05 07/918.06 '928.07 '929.00 07/92 PA7100 support, POSIX[TM] shell, VUE 3.0, fastlinks, ioscan(1M), model(1)9.01 '93 added hardware support9.02 '93 added hardware support9.03 '93 added hardware support, including support for floppy disks9.04 11/93 added hardware support9.05 11/93 added hardware support9.06 '949.07 '94 Multi-Buffered-X, Single-Logical-Screen9.08 '949.09 '949.10 03/95 10.x compatibility10.00 03/95 SVR4 filesys layout, NFS, SD-UX, XNTP, traceroute(1M)10.01 07/95 JFS(v2)10.10 02/96 large filesys/physmem/dsize, NLS, SLVM, UNIX95, CDE(1.0), DHCP, perl(4)10.20 08/96 JFSv3, large files/uids, MPC, RARP10.30 08/97 kernel (POSIX) threads, NFS PV3, streams TCP/IP, ASE, PPP, Y2K compliance11.00 11/97 64-bit OS, DLKM, iCOD, CDE 2.111.10 03/00 SCA, JFS 3.3, 128-CPU, AutoFS, new ftpd11.11 11/00 OEs, SuperDome, IO board OLAR, dynamic tunables, TCP NFS, Linux APIs & ABIs, perl5, JRE(1.2.2.04), X11R6.211.20 06/01 IPF, BTL DLKM, kernel logging, VxVM11.22 06/02 Itanium 2, MxN threads, 64-CPU, kernel config GUI, system inventory manager, IPv6, IPSec, CPU/RAM board OLAR11.23 '05? PA & IPF, select Tru64 components, 128-CPU, limited self- healing & self-tuning11.30 02/07 Virtual Server Environment (VSE); HP Serviceguard clustering enhancements; up to 100 million ZB storage; new hot-swap and online patching capabilitiesHardware Processor HP-UXPlatform Architecture Releases==========================================================================Series 100 Motorola 680x0? n/aSeries 200 Motorola 680x0 2.x, 5.1Series 300 Motorola 680x0 6.x, 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07, 9.0/01/03/10Series 400 Motorola 680x0 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07Series 500 HP Focus 1.x, 5.xSeries 600 HP PA-RISC 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06, 9.0/02/04Series 700 HP PA-RISC 7.03/05/09, 8.0/01/05/07, 9.01/03/05/07/09, 10.x, 11.xSeries 800 HP PA-RISC 1.x, 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06, 9.0/02/04, 10.x, 11.0/10/11/23, 11.30?Itanium Intel IPF 11.2x, 11.30HP9000 Series 100 machines did not run HP-UX. They ran HPL, BASIC orPascal. These languages were usually stored on disks and loaded fromthere, but you could also get the languages on plug-in ROM cards.Series 400 machines were basically HP9000/Apollo hybrids. The boot PROMcontained support for two different modes - one for DomainOS (the nativeApollo operating system) and one for HP-UX.Series 900 is the HP3000 family of business servers. These machines allrun MPE/iX, not HP-UX. For more information on HP3000 and MPE/iX, see: o <http://www.3k.com/faq/hpfaqi.html> o <http://jazz.external.hp.com/> o <comp.sys.hp.mpe>s300 6.5 and s800 3.1 were both replaced by a supposedly converged HP-UX7.0, but, in fact, there were significant differences, and not justbecause of the IO architectues.HP-UX releases <= 10.20 have been removed from the HP corporate price list(ie, they can no longer be purchased).HP-UX releases <= 10.00 have been classified as obsolete (ie, no longersupported by HP). 10.01/10/20 will be supported through June 30, 2003.HP-UX 10.30 was a limited release intended for early access for 32-bitkernel threads development and testing, prior to the release of HP-UX11.00. For this reason, it was discontinued and obsoleted fairlysoon after the release of 11.00.HP-UX 11.10 was a limited release and is supported only on V2500 SCA andV2600 SCA servers. Prior to the release of 11.11, 11.10 came preinstalledon these systems. It was never available separately.HP-UX 11.11 and later is marketed as "HP-UX 11i." The "i" stands for"Internet" and is meant to convey that the OS is Internet-ready. Hereare the mappings from 11i versions to HP-UX versions as reported byuname:11i version Uname version CPU arch. Description==========================================================================1.0 11.11 PA OE Release1.5 11.20 IPF Itanium Release1.6 11.22 IPF Consolidation Release2.0 11.23 PA+IPF Independence Release3.0 11.30 (PA+?)IPF Virtualization ReleaseSubject: 3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms?Added: 04/16/01Refer to the glossary(9) manpage.Subject: 3.5 What is HP's address and phone number?Updated: 10/09/01The address of HP Corporate Offices is: Hewlett-Packard Company 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185and the phone numbers are: o 650.857.1501 (8am-5pm PST) o Fax: 650.857.5518For general product information call: o 800.752.0900 (6am-5pm PST)For information on ordering HP manuals and supplies, call Parts DirectOrdering toll-free in the United States at: o 800.227.8164or visit the HP Parts homepage at: o <http://h20141.www2.hp.com/hpparts/>Subject: 3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes?Added: 06/17/02The latest D.H. Brown report entitled "2002 UNIX Function Review" ranksHP-UX 11i #1, over Solaris 8, AIX 5.1, and Tru64 5.1, in all fivecategories - reliability, availability and serviceability; Internet andWeb application services; directory and security services; systemsmanagement; and scalability.The press release is at: o <http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2002/020530b.html>The report itself is available at: o <http://www.hp.ru/data/offline/category/0086/2002unix_report.pdf>Subject: 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?Added: 06/17/02HP and Compaq both offered UNIX operating systems: HP-UX and Compaq Tru64UNIX.Decision: HP-UX will be the long-term UNIX for the new HP. Tru64 UNIX hassome very advanced features -- including clustering and file systems --and some of those will be integrated into HP-UX over time.Rationale: HP-UX has a much larger market share and installed base ofcustomers. It also has much broader ISV support than Tru64 UNIX.Subject: 4. RESOURCESSubject: 4.1 FAQsSubject: 4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?Updated: 05/18/04An ASCII text version of this FAQ is available at: o <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faq>An HTML version of this FAQ is available at: o <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hpux-faq/>There is also a legacy version of this FAQ, which contains informationon HP-UX 9.x and earlier. This is available at: o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/hpux/legacy_hpux_faq.txt> (ASCII) o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/hpux/legacy_hpux_faq.html> (HTML)Note, the legacy FAQ is no longer updated. It is archived for the benefitof those still running old versions of HP-UX.Subject: 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist?Updated: 11/10/03There is a "Certified for HP-UX FAQ" that discusses the officalcertification of 3rd part applications for HP-UX: o <http://www.keylabs.com/certified4hp-ux/hpux_faq.html>There is an HP3000 FAQ available at: o <http://www.3k.com/index_faq.html>CERN's IT department has assembled an HP-UX 10.0 FAQ, comprised ofdocuments from HP ITRC: o <http://wwwpdp.web.cern.ch/wwwpdp/ose/file/hpux10/tree.html>There is an Ignite-UX (IUX) FAQ available from HP: o <http://www.docs.hp.com/en/IUX/faq.html> (HTML) o <mailto:iux_faq@hpfcdn.fc.hp.com> (ASCII)There are a number of FAQs describing building and/or using various 3rdparty products on HP-UX: o Building Mozilla on HP-UX FAQ: + <http://www.mozilla.org/unix/hpux.html> o SarCheck for HP-UX FAQ: + <http://www.sarcheck.com/hptech.htm>Subject: 4.2 Web SitesSubject: 4.2.1 HP SitesSubject: 4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site?Added: 04/10/01There are several mirrors, spread across various continents: o U.S.: <http://www.hp.com/> o Europe: <http://www.europe.hp.com/> o Asia: <http://www.asia.hp.com/>Russia and Germany also have their own translated mirrors: o Russia: <http://www.hp.ru/> (in Russian) o Germany: <http://www.hewlett-packard.de/> (in German)Subject: 4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web?Updated: 04/06/01The HP Technical Documentation website is at <http://docs.hp.com/>.Here you can browse, search, and view the latest productdocumentation and technical information about HP 9000 hardwareand software products, either by topic or release.Included are installation guides, user guides, reference manuals,manual pages, tools, training, technical white papers, and FAQ'sfor both 10.x and 11.x releases.Note, many of the documents on <http://docs.hp.com/> are also distributedas part of the HP-UX media set, on the CD entitled "HP-UX InstantInformation."There are several other HP sites that provide documentation:o HP Developer's Resource: <http://devresource.hp.com/>o HP OpenView Homepage: <http://openview.hp.com/> ("support" section)Subject: 4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web?Updated: 10/09/01Go to the HP IT Resource Center (ITRC) web site; there are severalmirrors: o America/Asia-Pacific <http://us.itrc.hp.com/> or Sites: <http://us-support.external.hp.com/> or <http://us-support2.external.hp.com/> or <http://us-support3.external.hp.com/> or <http://itresourcecenter.hp.com/> o European <http://europe.itrc.hp.com/> or Sites: <http://europe-support.external.hp.com/> or <http://europe-support2.external.hp.com/>or <http://www.itresourcecenter.hp.com/> or <http://www.itrc.hp.com/> or <http://itrc.hp.com/>NOTE: The America/Asia-Pacific ITRC sites do not share user registration data with the European ITRC sites. European support customers should register at and continue to use the European site, and Americas/Asia-Pacific support customers should register at and continue to use the Americas/Asia-Pacific site.The HP ITRC allows you to: o Resolve software problems by searching up-to-date support and problem- solving information, and by downloading the latest HP-UX patches o Browse news and current announcements o Subscribe to automatically receive the latest Hewlett-Packard support information o Log, track, and reply to non-urgent calls with the Response Center.HP's support offerings on the ITRC site are fairly extensive. Anyone canaccess the Patch Database, Support Information Digests, and certainportions of the Technical Knowledge Database.HP does require (free) registration to access anything on the ITRC.When you click on any of the links, it will ask you to either Enter as aRegistered User, or Register Now.With a valid software agreement, you can also log non-urgent calls, andsearch more of the Technical Knowledge Database. You will also be ableto access the Software Update Manager. With PSS or PAS level support,you are also able to access the Custom Patch Manager.If you do not have a software agreement, or you don't have theinformation for it, after you have registered and the ITRC has given youyour userid, go back until you get the "Enter as a Registered User"choice again. (The only link on the page that gives you your useridtries to link you to a software agreement)The ITRC phone number for U.S. customers with support contracts is800.633.3600. For a list of phone numbers for other countries see: o <http://www.hp.com/racksolutions/pduprog/us/eng/callcenters.html>Subject: 4.2.1.4 Other HP SitesAdded: 04/17/01HP Software===========HP Software Depot: o <http://software.hp.com/>HP OpenView Homepage: o <http://openview.hp.com/>HP Hardware===========HP PartSurfer: o <http://partsurfer.hp.com/>HP Itanium[TM] Homepage: o <http://ia-64.hp.com/>General=======Search All of HP: o <http://search.hp.com/>Subject: 4.2.2 Non-HP SitesSubject: 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.orgAdded: 01/22/03EnterpriseUnix.org is a website for system administrators, developers,and enterprise managers, offering recent industry news, events, links,etc. related to the convergence of HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX running on theItanium Processor Family. o <http://www.enterpriseunix.org/> or <http://www.hpunix.org/>Subject: 4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLineAdded: 04/16/01EPFL Support HP is a Swiss HP-UX Support Site that provides some usefulinformation and links. Most of the site is in French, though some partsare in English. o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/>Subject: 4.3 NewsgroupsSubject: 4.3.1 List of HP-UX-related Usenet newsgroupsAdded: 04/19/01------------------------------o <comp.sys.hp.hpux> newsgroup devoted to HP-UXo <comp.sys.hp.hardware> newsgroup devoted to HP hardwareo <comp.sys.hp.apps> newsgroup devoted to HP applicationso <japan.comp.hpux> HP-UX newsgroup for Japanese-speaking userso <pl.comp.os.hp-ux> HP-UX newsgroup for Polish-speaking userso <uvic.mlist.hpux-admin> Usenet gateway of the hpux-admin mailing listSubject: 4.3.2 What is HP's involvement in the HP-related newsgroups?HP does not, to my knowledge, have a formal policy regarding employeeinvolvement in the HP-related newsgroups. There is significant activityfrom HP employees, typically Response Center engineers and lab engineers.Much of the information in this document originally came from internalHP sources.Subject: 4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX ForumUpdated: 01/23/03The HP-UX Forum on the HP ITRC web site contains a wealth of usefulinformation: o <http://forums.itrc.hp.com/cm/FamilyHome/0,,117,00.html>As with all ITRC pages, you must be registered on the ITRC in order toaccess it.Subject: 4.4 Mailing ListsSubject: 4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing ListUpdated: 04/30/02Bart Muyzer runs an HP-UX system administration mailing list. In short,the purpose of the mailing list is to discuss matters related to HP-UXSystem Administration. o Example topics: * Discussing debugging/problem solving * How do I port application this-and-this to HP-UX? * What patch(es) should I install to solve a problem? * Discussing the (un)desired effects of patches * HP-UX specific security issueso URLs: * <mailto:hpux-admin@dutchworks.nl> - To send a message to ALL MEMBERS of the list. * <mailto:majordomo@dutchworks.nl> (enter commands in body of message) - To subscribe to HP-UX Administrators Mailing List: subscribe hpux-admin [email_address] - To subscribe to the Digest of HP-UX Administrators Mailing List: subscribe hpux-admin-digest [email_address] - email_address is optional and, when left out, will be set to the contents of your "From: " line. - To retrieve the list charter: get hpux-admin hpux-admin-policy - To get a list of available commands: help * <http://www.dutchworks.nl/htbin/hpsysadmin/> - Browse & search the archives. * <ftp://ftp.dutchworks.nl/pub/digests/hpux-admin/> - Back issues are available in /pub/digests/hpux-admin/vNN.nMMM (where "NN" is the volume number, and "MMM" is the issue number). - The back issues are also available through majordomo's "get" command.Problems, questions, suggestions and the like should go to the address<mailto:owner-hpux-admin@dutchworks.nl>Subject: 4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing ListThere is a mailing list dedicated to the HP 9000 series 500 (HP Focus)machine. The purpose of the list is: o to provide help on porting software to this dated machine o to discuss the HP 9000 series 500 To get on (or off) the list, send email to <hp9000-500-request@nvc.cc.ca.us>with the word subscribe (or unsubscribe)in the subject line.Subject: 4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing ListUpdated: 05/18/04The HPMINI-L Mailing List is dedicated to topics directly relating toHewlett-Packard workstations, primarily those running HP-UX. The listhomepage is: o <http://listserv.uark.edu/archives/hpmini-l.html>Subject: 4.5 Periodicals------------------------------...Subject: 4.6 BooksSubject: 4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books"HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and Toolkit", with CD (Audio)by Marty Poniatowski, 03/01ISBN: 0130600814"HP-UX 11.x System Administration: How To Book", 2nd Editionby Marty Poniatowski, 12/18/98ISBN: 0130125156"The HP-UX 11.x System Administration Handbook and Toolkit"by Marty Poniatowski, 06/18/99ISBN: 0130125148Subject: 4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books"Learning the HP-UX Operating System"by Marty Poniatowski, 07/18/96ISBN: 0132585340"HP-UX 10.X System Administration: How To Book"by Marty Poniatowski, 10/95ISBN: 0131258737Subject: 4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x BooksUpdated: 04/01/01"Disk and File Management Tasks on HP-UX"by Tom Madell, 10/96ISBN: 013518861XHP-UX Tuning and Performance: Concept, Tools, and MethodsBy Robert F. Sauers and Peter S. Weygant, 06/99ISBN: 0131027166"Clusters for High Availability: A Primer of HP-UX Solutions", 2nd Editionby Peter S. Weygant, 04/11/01ISBN: 0130893552"HP-UX System and Administration Guide"by Jay Shah, 12/96ISBN: 0070572771Subject: 4.6.4 CDE BooksUpdated: 04/02/01"Configuring CDE: The Common Desktop Environment"by Charles Fernandez, 06/14/96ISBN: 0131027247"Common Desktop Environment 1.0: Advanced User's and System Administrator's Guide"by CDE Documentation Group, 07/95ISBN: 020148952X"CDE and Motif: A Practical Primer"by Antonino N. Mione, 12/97ISBN: 0137608284Subject: 4.6.5 Books from HPAdded: 04/10/01Prentice Hall PTR publishes books for technical professionals with theimprint Hewlett-Packard Professional Books. These books are generallywritten by HP employees, often the engineers who helped devlop theproduct(s) being discussed.For a list of all titles, go to: o <http://www.hp.com/hpbooks/>All of the books are available for purchase from Amazon.com(<http://books.amazon.com/>).Subject: 4.6.6 HP Product ManualsAdded: 04/10/01On HP-UX 11.00 and earlier, refer to manuals(5) for a list of all HP-UX-related manuals, and the corresponding HP part numbers.Subject: 4.7 Local FilesSubject: 4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference ManualUpdated: 09/12/03An online version of the HP-UX Reference Manual is installed as part ofHP-UX. The HP-UX Reference is divided into eight major sections: o Section 1: User Commands o Section 1M: System Administration Commands o Section 2: System Calls o Section 3: Library Functions o Section 4: File Formats o Section 5: Miscellaneous o Section 7: Device Special Files o Section 9: Introduction and GlossarySections are further divided into many individual entried called manualpages, or simply manpages. Manpages can be viewed using the man command.For more information on manpages, see man(1) - ie: $ man manOn 11.x, also see introduction(9).Addtionally, hyperlinked HTML versions of the 10.x and 11.x referencemanuals can be viewed online at: o http://docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.htmlSubject: 4.7.2 /usr/share/docAdded: 04/17/01On HP-UX 10.00 and later, the /usr/share/doc directory contains HP-UXrelease notes and technical whitepapers. Most of the documents are inASCII text format. On 10.x, some of the documents are in PCL format. On10.x and 11.00, several of the documents are in PostScript format. And on11.11, a few of the documents are in PDF format.The text (.txt) files can be readily viewed using a variety of viewers(more, pg, vi, etc..). The PCL, PostScript, and PDF files are meant tobe printed out, not viewed online. In order to view them online, youwould need to install third-party applications such as GhostScript andGhostView. You would also need to have a graphical display and have anX server running.Hewlett Packard Printer Control Language (.pcl) files can be printed onany HP printer. If you have a non-HP printer, you can use GhostScript,or a number of other programs, to convert the PCL to PostScript.PostScript (.ps) files can be printed on any printer that supportsPostScript However, it is not necessary to have a PostScript-compatibleprinter. There are public domain programs, for example, GhostScript, thatcan convert PostScript to other printer languages, such as PCL.To print Portable Document Format (.pdf) files, download and installAdobe[R] Acrobat[R] Reader (see question 8.35). Alternatively, you canuse GhostScript to convert from PDF to PostScript or PCL.Now that you know how to view and print the documents, here is a listingof the documents you'll find in /usr/share/doc on 11.00, 11.11, and 10.20:11.00=====11.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 3rd Edition - '98NTP_Primer.txt Network Time Protocol on HP-UXRelNotesNFS_TCP.txt Release Notes for NFS over TCP Enablement Functionality - 02/00RelNotes_newftp.txt Release Notes for ftp - 06/98bind496.txt BIND 4.9.6 Features : Summary Information - 10/97boot.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) System Boot and Startup White Paper - 04/96configure.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) CONFIGURATION/STARTUP FILESdoc_map.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Documentation Map (06/97)euro_howto.txt How to Setup Euro Enablement for the First Timeeuro_relnotes.txt Release Notes for Euro-Software Patchfile_sys.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) File System Layout White Paper - 04/95iconv.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Iconv Customizationlg_files.txt(ps) HP-UX Large Files White Paper, v1.4 - '97libc_y2k.txt Programming For the Year 2000: HP-UX Standard C Libraries White Paper, v1.9 - 02/97links.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Numbers - 05/96mem_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Memory Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97mem_wndws.txt 11.0 Memory Windows White Papermp.txt(ps) HP-UX MultiProcessing White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97nls_locale.txt Locale Methods Customizationpamized_rcom_readme.txt PAMized rexecd and remshdpanics.txt HP-UX 11.0 System Panics White Paper, 3rd edition - 09/97partner_info.txt HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configuration Developer Check Listpatch_pgrm.txt [1] HP-UX 10.X Patch Program White Paper, 4th edition - 06/97proc_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Process Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97sendmail8-8_delta.txt What's New in HP-UX sendmail-8.8.6?sendmail8-9_delta.txt What's New In HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3?sendmail8-9_release.txt HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3 Release Notes - 09/99sequence.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Links - Order Paradigmsstart_up.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configurationsw_patches.txt HP-UX 11.0 Version B.11.00 Patch List - 09/97sys_crash.txt HP-UX 11.x System Crash Dump11dev.ps HP-UX 11.00 Software Developer's Guide - 10/16/9764bit_driver_migration.ps How to Write a 64-bit Clean IO Driver for HP-UX: A 32-bit to 64-bit I/O Driver Migration Guide - 12/06/96V.4version.ps Steps to Version Your Shared Library (using V.4 Versioning)dev_apps.ps File Sharing and Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0 Software Developers, v1.0 - 09/29/94iop.ps Application Interoperability White Paper, v1.0 - 09/05/97ux95.ps Programming for UNIX 95 and HP-UX Binary Compatibility - 05/22/96NOTES:[1] Patch PHCO_22044 will upgrade this paper to the current version:patch_pgrm.txt (1) HP-UX 11.X Patch Program White Paper, 2nd edition - 04/98In 11.11, HP has removed most of the whitepapers from /usr/share/doc/ andrecommends viewing up-to-date versions of the documents on<http://docs.hp.com/> instead. Nonetheless, there are still a number ofuseful documents in /usr/share/doc/:files that are new in 11.11===========================README HP-UX 11i /usr/share/doc/README - 11/0011iRelNotes.txt(html) HP-UX 11i Release Notes, 1st Edition - 12/0011.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 6th Edition - 10/9711iSRB.txt A pointer to the HP ITRC (<http://us.itrc.hp.com/>) Previously, the 11.00SRB.Z (Software Release Bulletin) listed all known defects. This list is always changing, and there is no equivalent 11i version of 11.00SRB.Z.ASX-JPN Japanese System Environment (JSE) A.02.60 Release NotesASX-JPN-E(S) same as above (Japanese)ASX-KOR Korean System Environment (KSE) A.02.60 Release NotesASX-SCH Simplified Chinese System Environment (SSE) A.02.60 Release NotesASX-TCH Traditional Chinese System Environment (TSE) A.02.60 Release NotesASX-UTF8 Asian System Environment (ASE) Unicode Release NotesPAMKerberosRelNotes.pdf PAM Kerberos Release Notes, Edition 2 - 12/00PRINT-ASE-NOTE Obsolescence announcement of printing options of Asian System Environments (ASEs)PRINTER-JPN-E(S) Printers supported by JSE (Japanese)SETNETLP_Guide-E(S) setnetlp(1M) Guide for JSE (Japanese)TechPrtServ/C/RelNotes Technical Print Service Release NotesTechPrtServ/C/tpsGuide.ps(pcl) Technical Print Service System Administrator's Guide, 1st Edition - 03/97planning_SuperDome_configs.pdf Planning SuperDome Configurations, Edition 1 - 10/00sw_patches.txt HP-UX 11i Version 1 Patch List - 09/00files in 10.20, that are no longer included in 11.x===================================================10.20RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20, 4th Edition - 06/9610.20SRB HP-UX 10.20 Software Release Bulletin (lists all known defects)RelNotesHWE.txt Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions 2.0 (April 1998)10.20HWE1.1_RelNotes HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions 1.1 Release Notes - 02/98Extension_Software/xx/XSW[78]00GR1020.readme HP-UX 10.20 Extension Software Release xx READMENFS.ps Installing and Administering NFS Services, HP 9000 Networking - 02/98NFSD_Concepts_Admin.ps NFS Diskless Concepts and Administration White Paper - '94NFS_Client_Server.ps NFS Client/Server Configuration Topology and Performance Tuning Guide White Paper, Rev. 1.1 - 08/29/95bog.txt(ps).Z Name Server Operations Guide for BIND Release 4.9.5dev_apps.ps File Sharing & Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0 Software Developers, v1.0 - '94patch_pgrm.txt HP-UX 10.0 Patch Program White Paper, 3rd Edition - 09/95rfc1034.Z RFC 1034: DOMAIN NAMES - CONCEPTS & FACILITIES - 11/87rfc1035.Z RFC 1035: DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION & SPECIFICATION - 11/87rfc1535.Z RFC 1535: A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely Deployed DNS Software - 10/93sendmail8-7_manual.ps(pcl) Installing and Administering sendmail 8.7sw_patches.txt HP-UX 10.20 Patch List - 06/96Subject: 4.8 Conferences and WorkshopsSubject: 4.8.1 HP World Conference & ExpoUpdated: 11/12/06The HP World conference is no longer held, since Interex shut down in 2005. See<http://3000newswire.blogs.com/3000_newswire/2005/07/interex_closes_.html>.Subject: 4.8.2 HP/Works Technical WorkshopsUpdated: 04/02/01HP/Works holds technical workshops throughout the year. For a schedule ofpast and upcoming events, visit: o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/events/>Subject: 4.9 Courses on HP-UXSubject: 4.9.1 Courses offered by HPUpdated: 04/02/01HP offers many courses related to HP-UX. For details, visit the followingweb sites: o <http://www.hp.com/education/> o <http://education.itresourcecenter.hp.com/>Subject: 4.10 OrganizationsSubject: 4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S.Subject: 4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of Hewlett-Packard Computing ProfessionalsUpdated: 04/02/01The Independent Association of Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals,known as Interex, has a worldwide membership of more than 18,000.It is a not-for-profit, 20 year old organization. Interex has a monthlypublication called "HP World", as well as a detailed technical publicationcalled "hp-ux/usr". Interex sponsors the HP World and InterWorksconferences. For detailed information about Interex, including how tobecome a member, see the web site at: o <http://www.hp-interex.org/>Subject: 4.10.1.2 InterWorksUpdated: 04/03/01InterWorks, formerly the Apollo Domain User's Society (ADUS), wasoriginally formed to provide a users group specifically for HPworkstation users. Over the course of the past few years theorganization has been merged into Interex (see question 4.10.1.1 formore about Interex).Despite InterWorks having been absorbed into Interex, the InterWorksanonymous FTP site _is_ still up and running: o <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/>See Item 4.13 for a more detailed description of this site's content.Subject: 4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S.Subject: 4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks)Updated: 03/26/01The Interex Netherlands HP User Group, also known as DutchWorks, wasformed to provide a users group for technical users. It representstechnical HP users of HP9000 Workstations and Servers, InstrumentControllers (RTE, HP-RT, RM BASIC, etc.), and Vectra PC's. The grouphas a BBS which maintains a library of HP-UX, DOMAIN, RTE and BASICsoftware. The URL for the DutchWorks website is<http://www.interex.nl/>.Membership details are available from: Hans Hartwijk, Weidezoom 11, 2742 EX Waddinxveen The Netherlands 31 (0)1828 15086or by e-mail to <mailto:jaap@klft.tn.tudelft.nl> (Jaap Kooman, chairDutchWorks)DutchWorks also sponsors the HP-UX Administrators Mailing List(hpux-admin) mailing list. Subject 4.20 of this FAQ contains informationon this mailing list.Subject: 4.10.2.2 HP/WorksUpdated: 04/02/01HP/Works is the HP Technical Computing User Group, based in the UK. It isan independent group, supporting all users of HP and Apollo computersystems - running the HP-UX, DOMAIN, Linux or NT operating systems -throughout Europe. Also supported are those who use HP products, such asOpenView.For further information, visit the HP/Works web site: o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/>Subject: 4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users AssociationUpdated: 05/18/04As of March 31, 2002, the CUA is no longer operational.Subject: 4.11 Third-Party VendorsSubject: 4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor ListingAdded: 03/24/01There is an extensive listing of third-party HP vendors that is maintainedby volunteers and updated on a regular basis: o <http://www.triolet.com/HPVend/hpvend.html>Subject: 5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSubject: 5.1 Auditing and SecuritySubject: 5.1.1 How do group privileges work?Updated: 07/11/01HP-UX 9.0 and later allows special attributes to be associated withgroups, which allows some superuser-like capabilities to be controlled bydefining which groups they are accessible from. In this way it becomespossible to distribute superuser accessible commands to other userswithout allowing them full access to all other superuser capabilities.Implicitly, the super-user is a member of ALL groups.This allows some (slight) relaxing of UNIX's 'all or nothing' approach todistributing privileged capabilities. Privileged groups are an HP-UX-specific feature.Here is a list of group privileges available in various releases of HP-UX,along with a brief description of the system capabilities that theycontrol:9.0 and later============= o PRIV_RTPRIO - can use rtprio() to set real-time priorities (see rtprio(1) and rtprio(2)) o PRIV_MLOCK - can use plock() to lock process text and data into memory, and the shmctl() SHM_LOCK function to lock shared memory segments (see plock(2) and shmctl(2)) o PRIV_CHOWN - can use chown() to change file ownerships (see chown(1) and chown(2)) o PRIV_LOCKRDONLY - can use lockf() to set locks on files that are open for reading only (see lockf(2)) o PRIV_SETRUGID - can use setuid() and setgid() to change, respectively, the real user ID and real group ID of a process (see setuid(2) and setgid(2))10.0 and later============== o PRIV_MPCTL - can use mpctl() to change the processor assignment, locality domain assignment, or launch policy of another process (see mpctl(2)) o PRIV_RTSCHED - can use sched_setparam() and sched_setscheduler() to set POSIX.4 real-time priorities (see rtsched(1) and rtsched(2)) o PRIV_SERIALIZE - can use serialize() to force the target process to run serially with other processes that are also marked by this system call (see serialize(1), serialize(2))11.0 and later============== o PRIV_SPUCTL - can use spuctl() (undocumented) to control SPU allocation (see /usr/include/sys/spuctl.h)11i and later============= o PRIV_FSSTHREAD - can use fss() (undocumented) to control fair share scheduler (see /usr/include/sys/fss.h) o PRIV_PSET - can use pset_*() (undocumented) to control processor set (see /usr/include/sys/pset.h)Group privileges can be granted to individual groups, or globally (ie - toall groups, and hence, all users).Although this doesn't appear to be covered by any HP documentation, itappears that users are assigned the group privileges associated withtheir primary group ID, and of all secondary groups defined within file/etc/logingroup.By default, the setprivgrp command changes are no longer effective onceyou reboot your system. However, you can execute the command'/sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp start' to ensure that the privilege group changesare permanent. /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp runs '/usr/sbin/setprivgrp -f/etc/privgroup'. The /etc/privgrp file should contain one or more linesin the following format: groupname [privileges] -g [privileges] -n [privileges]Each line in privgrp must end with a newline character. The syntax for'groupname' and 'privileges' is described in the "Options and Arguments"section of setprivgrp(1M).If the /etc/privgrp is not found when the system boots, the PRIV_CHOWNprivilege is automatically enabled globally (as if '-g CHOWN' wasspecified). Furthermore, by default, /etc/privgrp does NOT exist.The group privilege feature is often used to secure the chown command,which has the potential to be misused. The chown command may be used tochange the owner ID of a file (or files) to another specified owner. Asmentioned above, by default, PRIV_CHOWN is granted globally. Hence, thechown command may be used by any user to assign ownership of their ownfiles to any other user, including root.For example, HP-UX's disk-space accounting facility may be used to reportthe total disk usage of all users. It's possible for users to concealtheir total disk usage by using the chown command to assign the ownershipof their own files to other users.On BSD-derived UNIX implementations, chown usage is limited to super-users only. By removing the global group privilege PRIV_CHOWN using thesetprivgrp command, it's also possible to close this loophole on HP-UX,by limiting usage of the chown command to users who are members ofspecified groups only. This can be achieved as follows: # echo "-n CHOWN" >>/etc/privgrp # /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp startHP-UX documentation recommends that you not rely on the privileged groupmechanism to restrict access to the setuid and setgid system calls.They do not guarantee that group privileges will be supported by futurereleases of HP-UX.For more information, see getprivgrp(1), setprivgrp(1M), getprivgrp(2),setprivgrp(2), and privgrp(4).Subject: 5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead of the recipient?The mail delivery agent /bin/rmail needs to be able to chown(2) thesefiles. It can not do so if you have removed the privilege CHOWN (seesetprivgrp(1m); removing CHOWN is recommended to prevent cheating on diskquotas). To get around this, noting that /bin/rmail runs setgid to groupmail, you can grant privilege CHOWN to group mail only by inserting theline "mail CHOWN" in /etc/privgroup. The change takes effect on the nextreboot, or immediately if you execute the command"setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup".Subject: 5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the console?Added: 04/02/01For a terminal console======================If the /etc/securetty file is present, login security is in effect.User root is only allowed to log in successfully on the ttys listed inthis file. Restricted ttys are listed by device name, one per line.Valid tty names are dependent on the installation. So to restrict rootlogins to only the console: # echo console >/etc/securettyThe use of /etc/securetty is documented in login(1).For a CDE console=================Create a file named 'nologin' in /etc/: # >/etc/nologinThen add something like this to your /etc/dt/config/Xstartup file: if pwget -n "$USER" | awk -F: '{exit !($3 == 0)}'; then if [ -f /etc/nologin ] || \ grep '^console$' /etc/securetty >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "[$(date)] non-root login attempt from CDE console -" \ "access denied" >>/var/adm/console_login_attempts_log exit 1 fi fiSee dtlogin(1) for a detailed description of the Xstartup file.Subject: 5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins?Add the following to /etc/profile, then 'touch /etc/nologin'; this willdisable all new logins, except by root: uid=`id -u` if [ -f /etc/nologin -a $uid -ne 0 ]; then echo "Sorry, no logins allowed; try later!" sleep 5 exit 0 fiSubject: 5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to security advisories?Updated: 11/13/01If you are running 11.x, HP provides a free utility calledsecurity_patch_check that will report any security patches that aremissing from your system. To download this utility, go to: o <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B6834AA>The security patch check tool requires that Perl 5.005 or higher,as well as several Perl modules, be installed on the system that isbeing checked. An HP-UX depot containing all of the requireddependencies is available at: o <http://www.software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=PERL>security_patch_check is only able to analyze patches. Some HP SecurityBulletins contain manual actions which cannot be analyzed in an automatedfashion. An archive of all previously released HP security bulletins isavailable at: o <http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/hp/>Subject: 5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN?Added: 04/17/01Read CIAC Information Bulletin F-19 ("Protecting HP-UX Systems AgainstSATAN") at: o <http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/bulletins/f-19.shtml>NOTE: This whitepaper was written in '95, so some of the information contained in it may no longer apply.To find out more about SATAN, visit SATAN's homepage: o <http://www.porcupine.org/satan/>Also, for those less inclined toward evil, check out the SAINT homepage: o <http://www.saintcorporation.com/products/saint_engine.html>Subject: 5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and non-trusted systems?Added: 05/15/011. A trusted system allows system auditing to be turned on. System auditing enables the ability to trace every system call issued by each user on the system. Non-trusted systems run with system auditing disabled.2. Trusted systems have improved password management. Below is a list of password management features: a. Specification of a grace period and expiration period for passwords. b. The ability to specify system-wide password aging. c. The ability to specify an absolute account life. d. The ability to disable accounts after repeated login failures. e. Passwords lengths of up to forty (40) characters. f. The ability to access a random password generator.3. Trusted systems have additional login restrictions, while non-trusted systems do not. Below are the features of trusted system login restrictions: a. In addition to account disabling, the account may also be locked. b. Setting accounts to be accessed only at certain times of the day. c. The ability to specify account location access. In other words, account access at specific devices, workstations, and so on. d. The ability to specify a single-user boot password. Note: These login restrictions are NOT available on NON-TRUSTED systems.4. A trusted system has shadowed passwords, while a non-trusted system does not have shadowed passwords. Shadowed passwords are kept in locations other than /etc/passwd. This prevents users from viewing the /etc/passwd file and determining which accounts do not have passwords. This also prevents hackers from running "password cracker programs" against passwords in the /etc/passwd file.For more information, please refer to the following document: "Administering Your HP-UX Trusted System"The document is located at the following web site: o <http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90121/>Locate the "Description of the HP-UX Trusted System" section inthe left menu. The following two pages contain more information: o What is a Trusted System? o What is C2-Level Trusted Mode?Subject: 5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length, password history, and maximum simultaneous logins?Updated: 05/18/04These settings, along with several others, can be configured via thesecurity defaults configuration file /etc/default/security.The 'security' file was introduced, undocumented, by patches to 11.00, thelatest iterations being: o PHCO_16127 (su(1) cumulative patch) o PHCO_24083 (login(1) cumulative patch) o PHCO_24390 (libpam and libpam_unix cumulative patch)The functionality added by these patches is included in 11i. It is alsofully docu ? Version ? 4 TB 4 TB ============================================================== * PHKL_22719 is needed to avoid mount problems if extending or creating file systems beyond 128 GB. ** default disk layouts for particular HP-UX Releases.Related JFS Patches===================On HP-UX 10.20, several patches have been introduced to prevent thecreation or extension of JFS filesystems beyond the supported maximumsize of 128 GB: o PHCO_23035 - extendfs_vxfs(1M) cumulative patch o PHCO_23036 - fsadm_vxfs(1M) cumulative patch o PHCO_23037 - mkfs_vxfs(1M) cumulative patchCorresponding patches for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i are being prepared. Thepatch numbers were not known when this document was written. For thelatest information about available patches, see the IT Resource Center: o <http://ITresourcecenter.hp.com/>If you have a support contract, select Browse Support Info By Product. Ifyou do not have a support contract, select Individual Patches to searchthe Patch Database. Then select HP-UX Patches, select 11.00 or 11i or11.11 as the OS version, and search for the keyword JFS to get a list ofJFS patches.NOTE: You must register with the IT Resource Center to search the patch databaseSubject: 8.32 How can I determine how much RAM my system has?Updated: 06/14/02From SAM========1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Memory2) check Clock Frequency: valueFrom the command-line=====================If you are root, you can use adb to query the kernel: # echo "memory_installed_in_machine/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem | \ tail -1 | awk '$2 > 0 { print $2 / 256 }'Or if /etc/dmesg is still current, you can grep it: $ /etc/dmesg | grep "real mem" | tail -1 | \ awk '$4 > 0 { print $4 / 1048576 }'A few more methods that can be used (as root only):o As of 10.x, the following SAM command will show memory in MB: # /usr/sam/lbin/getmem However, getmem reportedly does not work on systems with >512 MB of RAM, and it is not supported by HP.o It's painfully slow,the filesystem but can simply be swapped in, thus saving time.[From HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide]Local paging. When applications are located remotely, set the "sticky bit"on the applications binaries, using the chmod +t command. This tells thesystem to page the text to the local disk. Otherwise, it is "retrieved"across the network. Of course, this would only apply when there is actualpaging occurring. More recently, there is a kernel parameter,page_text_to_local, which when set to 1, will tell the kernel to page allNFS executable text pages to local swap space.[Example]-r-xr-xr-t 6 bin bin 244444444111111111664 Nov 142000 /usr/bin/visticky bit on symlinks======================In HP-UX 10.0 and later, a symbolic link that has its sticky bit set iscalled a transition link (i.e. links to ease the transition to the newSVR4 filesystem layout). Transition links are a bit faster, because thelinked-to filename is stored in the inode itself, instead of using anallocation unit to store the link. For more info on the purpose fortransition links, see the tlinstall(update_aid) manpage.In order to set the sticky bit on a symlink, one must use the undocumentedlchmod system call (i.e. lchmod("/bin", 041777)).[Example]lr-xr-xr-t 1 root sys 8 Jun 7 01:00 /bin -> /usr/bin------------------------------5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar device?Updated: 09/12/03Yes, at least for 11.11.The Strong Random Number Generator provides a secure, non-reproduciblesource of true random numbers for applications with strong securityrequirements, such as for generating encryption keys. The /dev/randomand /dev/urandom files created by this product allow the read(2) systemcall to retrieve strong random binary sequences of up to 256 bytes.This interface is compatible with that provided by the Linux /dev/randomand /dev/urandom special files. The Strong RNG can be downloaded for freefrom: o http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=KRNG11IA technical white paper on the Strong RNG is available at: o http://newfdawg.com/SSHpart5.htmThere are a few alternatives for other versions of HP-UX...For limited purposes, one can always use the POSIX shell's $RANDOM toreceive a random integer between 0 and 32768.Another option is a daemon from Lutz Jaenicke that can act as areplacement for a true random device: o <http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>Additionally, there is a hardware crypto accelerator card that also hasit's own random device. At least through the bundled APIs, this deviceshould be usable by applications. HP order numbers are as follows: o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format for K Class - A5484A o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format for D and R Class - A5485A o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card PCI Format for K Class - A5486AThis card purchase is subject to U.S. munitions laws. The card is isavailable for shipment in the U.S. and Canada. Application for restrictedworldwide shipment pending with the U.S. government.The card is a Rainbow Swift, manufactured by Rainbow Technologies(<http://www.rainbow.com/products/cryptoswift/>), aka IVEA, which also has aUK subsidiary.Subject: 5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses?Added: 09/20/01There are several antivirus products available: o Sophos Anti-Virus for Unix Info: <http://www.sophos.com/products/software/antivirus/savunix.html> o InterScan VirusWall Info: <http://www.trendmicro.com/en/products/gateway/isvw/evaluate/overview.htm> Download 30-day Trial:<http://www.trendmicro.com/download/product.asp?productid=13> o McAfee VirusScan o CyberSoft VFind Security Toolkit Info: <http://www.cybersoft.com/products/vfind.shtml>Subject: 5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for maximum security?Updated: 07/17/03Kevin Steves has written a couple excellent whitepapers on buildingHP-UX bastion hosts:An 11.x version of the paper is available in both HTML and PDF formats: o <http://www.itrc.hp.com/service/cki/docDisplay.do?docLocale=en_US&docId=200000066258828> (ITRC login required) o <http://secinf.net/unix_security/Building_a_Bastion_Host_Using_HPUX_11.html>There is also a 10.x version of the paper. However, it doesn't seem to beavailable on the Web anymore.There is also a paper from HP titled "Network Security Features of HP-UXHP-UX 11i v1 and 11i v2": o http://docs.hp.com/en/5990-7245/5990-7245.pdfSubject: 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux?Added: 01/22/03The shadow functionality is available as of 11i v1.6 (11.22). For moreinformation, see: o <http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/5187-0701/00/00/82-con.html#shadowpasswords>Subject: 5.2 Backup and RecoverySubject: 5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup?No. fbackup always rewinds the tape. Possible alternatives: (1) Stick with dump/cpio/tar/pax. (2) Use a pipe: instead of telling fbackup where the DAT is, let it send its output to stdout (-f -) and pipe it to the DAT, using Berkeley no-rewind device and dd with a suitable block size (e.g., 10K). You'll lose fast-search and resync-after-error functionality, though. Also, the complexities of managing multiple archives per tape make this a high-risk proposition. (3) Use NFS[R] and mount the disks of the machine without DAT to the other and back them both up there. You'll have to mount 'em with root permissions and restoring a completely destroyed root disk will be messy. (4) Scream at HP until they fix fbackup. :-)Subject: 5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape?dump was written to assume 9-track tapes, so some fudging has to be donefor DDS tapes. The following has the info you need along with severalalternatives for dump parameters.Approximate capacity of 60m DDS tape = 1.3G bytesApproximate DDS tape density = (1.3G bytes) / (60 m) = (550K bytes/in)dump assumes an inter-record gap (IRG) of 0.3 in for density = 6250,0.7 in otherwise.dump uses a default blocking factor of 10 for density < 6250,32 otherwise.================density = 550000blocking factor = 32 (default)assumed IRG = 0.7 inBlock length = (32K bytes/block) / (550K bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (0.76 in)Effective tape length = (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (0.76 in/block) = (2511 ft)================density = 6250blocking factor = 32 (default)assumed IRG = 0.3 inBlock length = (32K bytes/block) / (6250 bytes/in) + (0.3 in) = (5.54 in)Effective tape length = (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (5.54 in/block) = (18325 ft)===============density = 1600blocking factor = 10 (default)assumed IRG = 0.7 inBlock length = (10K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (7.10 in)Effective tape length = (1.3G bytes) / (10K bytes/block) * (7.10 in/block) = (75113 ft)===============density = 1600blocking factor = 32assumed IRG = 0.7 inBlock length = (32K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (21.18 in)Effective tape length = (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (21.18 in/block) = (70022 ft)Subject: 5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully slowly?Added: 04/17/01cpio/tar = VERY VERY OLD - never designed for DDS or DLT[TM]fbackup/ftio = designed for Gb backups and modern tape drivesHowever, the default for fbackup is 1/2" magtapes, which almost no oneuses anymore. ALWAYS use a config file for fbackup with at least theseoptions: blocksperrecord 256 records 32 checkpointfreq 1024 readerprocesses 6 maxretries 5 retrylimit 5000000 maxvoluses 200 filesperfsm 2000Check the manpage for fbackup for other parameters, including what to dowhen you run out of tape (the chgvol parameter).You need huge block sizes for modern tapes. Try ftio (block size limitedonly by hardware), pax (block sizes up to 32k), tar (which is 10k, bydesign) or cpio -B which changes from 512 to 5k (but still too small).cpio, tar, dump, pax and similar utils can NEVER backup large files andare single processes whereas fbackup can read from 6 different files atthe same time.Note, the large record size (blocksperrecord), checkpointfreq, andfilesperfsm also contribute to tape overhead.Subject: 5.2.4 What CD burning software is available?Updated: 02/03/03You can use Cdrecord (aka CdrTools), a freeware application, available at: o <http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/cdrecord.html>Additonally, Cdrecord-ProDVD can be used to burn DVDs; see: o <ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/ProDVD/>There are numerous X GUI frontends for CDrecord. One of the most popularis X-CD-Roast, available at: o <http://www.xcdroast.org/xcdr098/rpms-a8.html#hpux>Subject: 5.3 Disks and FilesystemsSubject: 5.3.1 How can I enable long file names?Updated: 04/02/01HP-UX 10.00 or later creates HFS filesystems with long file names (up to255 characters) enabled by default, and all VxFS filesystems support longfile names.To change pre-10.0 HFS filesystems to support long filenames, runthe /etc/convertfs program (see convertfs(1M)). Note that will NOT beable to switch back.Here's how to check if an existing HFS filesystem has long filenamesenabled:# tunefs -v /dev/rdsk/XXX | grep magicmagic 95014 clean FS_OK time Tue Mar 23 14:13:01 1993 \__ if = 95014 then long filenames \__ if = 11954 then short filenamesYou can also look at this on a per directory basis with the POSIXcommand getconf: $ getconf NAME_MAX directorywhere 'directory' is the path to the directory.Subject: 5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk?Updated: 11/06/06Yes, HP-UX 9.00 and later include a RAM disk driver. The driver is NOTofficially supported by HP for customer use. Comments in the header file"/usr/conf/sio/ram.h" describe how to add RAM disk support to the kernel,as well as how to create a RAM disk.Here are several reasons why using RAM disks is RISKY business:1. As stated above, RAM disks are unsupported by HP.2. It is unclear (to me anyway) how "locking" down memory interacts with normal memory management, including pageouts and memory pseudo-swap. The comments in /usr/conf/sio/ram.h says say: "Depending on the availability of memory, allocating large amounts of memory for RAM disk volumes may cause system failures (panics or hangs)."3. RAM disks can waste memory space. The "usable" yield of disk space from memory allocated may be less than 100%. (1 GB of real memory may yield less than 1 GB on "disk space".)4. RAM disks aren't saved over a reboot, and require special action to do so.5. You must write a C program to delete them from a running system.Here are the basic steps make a 128 MB RAM disk on HP-UX 10.x/11.x:1. Modify your kernel to include the RAM disk driver: # cd /stand/build # /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system # kmsystem -c y -S system ram # mk_kernel -s system # mv ../system ../system.prev # cp ../vmunix ../vmunix.prev # mv system .. # mv vmunix_test ../vmunix # cd / # shutdown -rNote: "ramdisc" is an alias for "ram" that is also recognized.2. Set up the device files and mount the RAM disk filesystem: # mknod /dev/rram1 c 9 0x008001 # mknod /dev/ram1 b 9 0x008001 # newfs -F hfs /dev/rram1 # mkdir -p /ramdisk # mount /dev/ram1 /ramdiskAnother way===========There is a better, but not free, way to _simulate_ a RAM disk under HP-UX10.20 or later...You must first purchase and install the optional OnlineJFS product, theadvanced bundle for the VxFS file system. This enables a number ofextra mount options for VxFS filesystems.To configure a VxFS filesystem so that most buffer cache flushes areprevented, specify the following options when mounting the filesystem: "tmplog,mincache=tmpcache,convosync=delay"The first two options can be configured with sam, but the convosyncoption must be edited into /etc/fstab by hand.A description and pricing info for the OnlineJFS product is available at<http://software.hp.com/> (just search for "onlinejfs").A third way===========AppMate Performance Software sells a software product for HP-UX calledRamDisc Plus. For more information see their web site: o <http://www.ramdisc.com/ramdsk.html>Subject: 5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)?Added: 03/29/01As of HP-UX 10.01, DUX (HP Diskless Clusters) has been fully replaced byNFS.These DUX-specific commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 and later: cnodes(1) cps(1) getcontext(1) makecdf(1M) showcdf(1)These DUX-specific options to commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 andlater: chmod -H find -hidden -type H ls -H find -nodevcid find -devcid cname last -c pwd -H users -c who -c bdf -L df -L sync -l ftio -H pax -H -m -o -p -t device tar -HThese DUX-specific library routines (including context dependent files)are obsolete as of HP-UX 10.01: endccent getcccid getcdf nftwh fgetccent getccent gethcwd setccent ftwh getccnam hidecdf cnodeid cnodes getcontextThese additional DUX features were obsoleted in HP-UX 10.01: o Distributed named pipes across a cluster in diskless environments. o The DUX concept of global PIDs across a cluster. Temporary name-space collision should be avoided by each diskless client having private /tmp areas. o Using /tmp as a shared depository between diskless clients, such as an application using a lib routine to create unique tmp_file names.Subject: 5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space?Updated: 04/08/01The default value of the kernel parameter "maxswapchunks" limits the swapaccessible by the kernel to 537 MB. If you want to configure more swapspace than that, you need to increase maxswapchunks. More information onmaxswapchunks can be found online (see section 5.5.3).Subject: 5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk?Updated: 01/03/02There are at least two ways to do this:o Use "lvlnboot -v" (must be root); this command also reports additional information on volume groups and logical volumes: # lvlnboot -v `vgdisplay | grep "VG Name" | awk '{print $3}'` ... /dev/dsk/c0t5d0 (8/4.5.0) -- Boot Disk ...o Use setboot. This command also reports the alternate bootpath, as well as whether Autoboot and Autosearch are enabled. However, it does not print the disk device names as lvlnboot does. $ setboot Primary bootpath : 8/4.5.0 Alternate bootpath : 8/4.10.0 Autoboot is ON (enabled) Autosearch is OFF (disabled)To determine which disk the currently running kernel was booted from, useadb as follows (must be root): # KERNEL=/stand/vmunix # set this var to the currently running kernel # echo 'boot_string/S' | adb $KERNEL /dev/mem | grep / boot_string: disc(8/4.5.0;0)/stand/vmunixOn 11.x, the path of the currently running kernel can be obtained usingthe kmpath command (see subject 8.2.4).Subject: 5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when I try to use it?Updated: 03/28/01This is a common problem. You (root) are probably in more than 8 groups.Run groups(1) to check.There are two work-arounds to the problem:+ Apply the latest PFS patch: o 10.20: PHCO_15453 o 11.00: PHCO_16438+ Temporarily remove root from enough groups to bring it under the limit: o Backup /etc/group. o Edit /etc/group so that root is in 8 or fewer groups. o After running pfs_mount, restore the original version of /etc/group.Subject: 5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter?HP-UX 10.00 and later ships with an automounter running with a -hostsoption, so it's easy to just say "/net/hostname/directory/...", and theautomounter will do the rest.If you like, you can put symbolic links in to make things easier, forexample: /x1 -> /net/x1/x1 /usr/valid -> /net/x1/validWhile this is convenient and easy to do, using explicit automount maps(ex: /home/username) is usually a better idea in terms of keeping things"tight" and maintaining server/disk independance.Subject: 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached?Updated: 11/20/02CD-ROMs are generally formatted using a filesystem called ISO-9660(aka ECMA-119), which is an update of an earlier specification calledHigh Sierra. There are very minor differences between the two, andHP-UX supports them both. The user doesn't have to know which iswhich, although nobody's actually produced a High Sierra CD-ROM inmany years.ISO-9660 "file identifiers" consist of a filename, a dot, anextension, a semicolon, and a version number from 1 to 32767. Thestandard specifies three levels of "interchange", the strictest ofwhich limits filenames to 8 characters, extensions to 3 characters,and the characters can be only upper-case letters, digits andunderscores. The reason why the letters are all uppercase is becausemost CD-ROMs are encoded to the strictest interchange level.To get rid of the semicolon and version number, and to force thefilenames to lower case, mount the file system with the "cdcase"option (see mount_cdfs(1M)).There is a widely used extension of ISO-9660 called "Rock Ridge" whichadds enough file system metadata to support full POSIX file systemsemantics. Rock Ridge filenames are formatted similarly to ISO-9660file identifiers -- all UPPERCASE with ;1 version numbers. Currently,11.0 supports Rock Ridge via a patch. Other versions of HP-UX do notsupport Rock Ridge, except through PFS.Rock Ridge support has recently been provided for 11.x via patches: o 11.00: PHKL_21586 o 11.11: (patch recalled due to defect)The Portable FileSystem (PFS) was originally developed by Young Minds,Inc. It was originally only available as a demo package, but it waseventually bundled with HP-UX, starting with release 10.10. PFS supportsthe following CD-ROM formats: ISO-9660, Rock Ridge, and High Sierra. Asexplained above, the HP-UX mount command currently only supports ISO-9660and High Sierra.You must have network loopback, and networking in general, configuredbefore running PFS on HP-UX. The command 'netstat -rn' shows the networkrouting tables; the entry 'lo0' is for the loopback interface. To enablenetwork loopback (if it is not already enabled), add the line: LOOPBACK_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1to the file /etc/rc.config.d/netconf.PFS is RPC-based and offers the some features that NFS provides, whichmeans that a CD-ROM can be exported over your network without goingthrough NFS. However, PFS does require that the nfs.core and nfs.clientsubsystems are both running. To start these, make sure NFS_CLIENT=1 in/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf then run: # /sbin/init.d/nfs.core start # /sbin/init.d/nfs.client startNote, using these init scripts to start NFS will ensure that rpcbind,which PFS relies on, is also started.NOTE: On 10.20 or 11.00, you must install a patch prior to running PFS, or you might not be able to eject the CD-ROM after unmounting it. This problem is fixed in 11i. The patches are: o 10.20: PHCO_15453 o 11.00: PHCO_16438All Oracle[R] installation CDROM's are RockRidge-formatted, and so must bemounted via PFS.To use PFS to mount a RockRidge CDROM:1) Make sure the directory containing the PFS utilities (/usr/sbin) is in your PATH.2) Edit (or create) the /etc/pfs_fstab file to contain a line like this: <device> <mount_dir> pfs-rrip xlat=rrip 0 0 Where: <device> is the path to your CD-ROM reader (e.g. /dev/dsk/c1t2d0) <mount_dir> is the path to an *existing* directory where the CD-ROM will be mounted (e.g. /rr_cdrom)3) Run the following commands: # nohup pfs_mountd & # nohup pfsd 4 & Alternatively, these daemons can be started from an rc script; see question 5.3.9.4) Mount the drive with the command: pfs_mount <device> | <mount_dir> Or unmount it with: pfs_umount <device> | <mount_dir> Where <device> and <mount_dir> are the same as in 2).The CD-ROM should be now readable with long and mixed-case filenames.For HP-UX 10.01 and earlier, you can install a patch: o 10.01 s700: PHKL_23512 o 10.01 s800: PHKL_23513 o 10.00 s700: PHKL_6076 o 10.00 s800: PHKL_6077These add a modification to the CDFS code which can translate all mountedCDROMs (not selectively) to accomplish the same task. This patch adds noadditional filesystem support, such as POSIX or the RockRidge Extensions.On 10.20 and later systems, for ISO-9660 CDs that contain all-uppercase8.3 filenames (ie - MS-Windows CDs), it is not necessary to use PFS.Instead use the mount command's "-o cdcase" option. See mount_cdfs(1M)for more information.HP-UX cannot read Joliet, video, or audio discs without the use of3rd-party software.Subject: 5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system startup?Updated: 11/20/01Create a pfs rc script, and associated config file, as follows:===== CUT FROM HERE - PASTE TO /sbin/init.d/pfs =====#!/usr/bin/sh## pfs startup: Startup and kill script for the PFS file server#PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binexport PATHif [ -r /etc/rc.config.d/pfs ] ; then . /etc/rc.config.d/pfsfi# return pid of the named process(es)findproc() { pid=`ps -e |grep "$1" |sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ .*//'` echo $pid}stat_pfs_fc(){ PFSD=`ps -ef|grep pfsd|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'` PFSM=`ps -ef|grep pfs_mount|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'`}kill_pfsd_fc(){ for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfsd | awk '{print $2}'` ; do if [ -n $PID ] ; then kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null fi done}kill_pfsmount_fc(){ for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfs_mount | awk '{print $2}'` ; do if [ -n $PID ] ; then kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null fi done}case "$1" in"start_msg") echo "Starting PFS Daemons";;"start") if [ "$RUN_PFS_SERVER" -ne 0 ] ; then stat_pfs_fc if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then echo "starting pfs_mountd" /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd -D$PFS_DAEMONS & else echo "pfsd is already running with PID $PFSD" echo "please stop and restart if necessary" fi if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then echo "starting pfsd" /usr/sbin/pfsd $PFS_DAEMONS & else echo "pfs_mount is already running with PID $PFSM" echo "please stop and restart if necessary" fi exit 0 fi exit 2;;"stop_msg") echo "Terminating PFS Daemons ";;"stop") kill_pfsd_fc kill_pfsmount_fc kill_pfsd_fc kill_pfsmount_fc;;stat*) stat_pfs_fc if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then echo "pfsd is not running" else echo "pfsd is running" fi if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then echo "pfs_mount is not running" else echo "pfs_mountd is running" fi;;*) echo "Bad or missing arguments..." echo echo "Usage: $0 stop|start|start_msg|stop_msg|status";;esacexit 0===== END CUT ===== # chmod 555 /sbin/init.d/pfs # chown bin:bin /sbin/init.d/pfs # ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc2.d/S901pfs # ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc1.d/K099pfs===== CUT FROM HERE, PASTE TO /etc/rc.config.d/pfs =====## pfs configuration: set to a non-zero value to# initiate pfsd and pfs_mountd at run_level 2## Installed at /etc/rc.config.d/pfs#RUN_PFS_SERVER=1# Set the number of PFS daemons to runPFS_DAEMONS=4===== END CUT ===== # chmod 444 /etc/rc.config.d/pfs # chown bin:bin /etc/rc.config.d/pfsSubject: 5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party disks?Updated: 04/20/01Disktabs are obsolete for HP-UX 10.00 and later. For HP-UX 9.x andearlier, see: o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/HPUX/tools/disktab.html>Installing patches PHCO_5236, PHCO_6819, PHCO_7253, and PHCO_7461 willgive you the latest and greatest HP-provided disktab entries for 9.x.Subject: 5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable?Added: 08/29/01To display the different bootstrings for a disk: # lifls <rawdevice>For example: # lifls /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0A bootable disk reports something like: ISL AUTO HPUX PAD LABELWhile a non bootable disk reports: lifls: Can't list /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0; not a LIF volumeTo show the content of the bootentries: # lifcp <blockdevice>:<STRING> -For example: # lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO - hpuxFor further information on LIF, refer to lif(4).Subject: 5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems?Added: 05/02/02VxFS filesystems can be defragmented using the fsadm command. However,the online reorganization and online resize features of fsadm areenabled only with the HP OnLineJFS optional product.Here are the relevant options: -D Report on directory fragmentation. If specified in conjunction with the -d option, the fragmentation report is produced both before and after the directory reorganization. -d Reorganize directories. Directory entries are reordered to place subdirectory entries first, then all other entries in decreasing order of time of last access. The directory is also compacted to remove free space. -E Report on extent fragmentation. If specified in conjunction with the -e option, the fragmentation report is produced both before and after the extent reorganization. -e Reorganize extents. Minimize file system fragmentation. Files are reorganized to have the minimum number of extents.An example: # fsadm -dDeE /varSee fsadm_vxfs(1M) for further details.No commands are available for defragmenting HFS filesystems.Subject: 5.4 DisplaySubject: 5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type?Added: 04/26/01In HP-UX 10.0 and later, the terminfo database(/usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/*) is designed to take the place of thetermcap database (/usr/share/lib/termcap). However, because of the manyprograms that have been written with and for the termcap database, thetermcap database is still included with HP-UX. All additions andmodifications to either of these databases should be done with extremecaution. These files are critical to the proper operation of yourterminal.NOTE: The terminfo database contains printer definitions, in addition to terminal definitions.To convert one or more termcap entries to terminfo source format, use thecaptoinfo(1M) command: $ captoinfo termcap_entry.txt >terminfo_entry.txtTo compile a terminfo source file, and add the compiled entry to theterminfo database, use the tic(1M) command: # tic terminfo_entry.txtIf you must have both termcap and terminfo terminal descriptions, keep theterminfo description only, and use infocmp -C to get the termcapdescriptions. This is recommended because the terminfo entry will be morecomplete, descriptive, and accurate than the termcap entry possibly couldbe.If you have been using cursor optimization programs with the -ltermcap or-ltermlib option in the cc command-line,,,,,,,, those programswill still befunctional. However, these options should be replaced with the -lcursesoption.Richard S. Shuford maintains an archive of video terminal information.The archive is a collection of information concerning character-cellvideo-display terminals, serial-line remote-graphics terminals, andsoftware that emulates them. The URL is: o <http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal_index.html>Subject: 5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation?Added: 06/17/02Use the following command: # /opt/graphics/common/bin/setmonsetmon is a program that allows you to change video formats. When yourun setmon, it will print a table of available formats. The firstnumber on each line is an index. Enter the index number for the entryyou want to use and setmon will change the card to match. The changecan be either temporary (until next boot) or permanent. Similarfunctionality is available in sam. The -h option gives limited help.Subject: 5.5 Kernel ConfigurationSubject: 5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel?Added: 04/19/01First off, in all versions of HP-UX prior to 11.00, the kernel is always32-bit. That being said, on 11.x systems, there are several ways todetermine whether you're running a 32 or 64 bit kernel...From the command-line===================== $ getconf KERNEL_BITSor: $ file /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix: PA-RISC1.1 executable ---> 32-bit /stand/vmunix: ELF-64 executable object file ---> 64-bitFrom SAM======== 1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Operating System 2) check OS Kernel Width: valueSubject: 5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or a 64-bit kernel?Added: 09/13/01From the command-line===================== $ getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS 32 ---> system supports only 32-bit 32/64 ---> system supports both 32 and 64-bit 64 ---> system supports only 64-bitFrom SAM======== 1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Processor 2) check Kernel Width Support: valueThe following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000Servers:32-bit only=========== * A-Class: A180/180C * D-Class: D200/x10 (only w/ XSW 9806+) Dx20/x30/x50/x60 * E-Class: all * F/G/H/I-Class: all * K-Class: K100/200/x10/x20 * T-Class: T500/52032/64-bit========= * D-Class: Dx70/x80/D390 (Dx70/Dx80 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.30+) (D390 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.31+) (Dx70/x80/D390 require XSW 9808+ to run 64-bit) and provide NO support for any EISA cards!) * K-Class: Kx50/x60/x60EG/460XP/x70/x80 * R-Class: all * T-Class: T600 * Enterprise Parallel Servers: all64-bit Only=========== * A-Class: A400/500 * L-Class: all * N-Class: all * V-Class: allThe following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000Workstations:32-bit Only=========== * B-class: B132L/160L * C-class: C100/110/160/160L/180/180-XP/200/240/360/3000/3600 * J-Class: J200/210/210XC * 700-Series: 712, 715/64, 715/80, 715/100, 715/100XC, 725/100, 743, 74432/64-bit========= * B-Class: B132L+/180L/1000 (only w/ XSW 9808+) * C-Class: C200/240/160/180/180XP (only w/ XSW 9808+) * J-Class: J280/282/2240 (only w/ XSW 9808+)Subject: 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various kernel parameters?Added: 01/22/03The following URLs provide documentation for kernel parameters on 11.00and 11i: o 11.00: <http://docs.hp.com/en/939/KCParms/KCparams.OverviewAll.html> o 11i: <http://docs.hp.com/en/TKP-90202/>Additionally, in 11.22 and later, each kernel parameter has its ownmanpage in section 5. These generally contain greater detail than theabove URLs and much of it is also applicable to 11.00, 11.11, and/or11.20. These manpages can be viewed online at: o <http://docs.hp.com/en/B3921-90010/pt06.html>Subject: 5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and PerformanceSubject: 5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing?Updated: 04/08/01The best tool for monitoring your system is HP GlancePlus. In the U.S.call 800.237.3990 for a trial version. Outside the U.S. contact your HPsales representative. HP sells other performance tools as well includingHP Performance Collection Software, HP PerfRX (for long-term performanceanalysis of a single system), and HP PerfView which runs under OpenView(for simultaneous monitoring of a network of systems including HP-UX,Solaris[TM], and AIX[R].A couple cheaper, but less robust, options are the sar(1M) and top(1)commands.On 9.x systems, you can use /usr/contrib/bin/monitor.Subject: 5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command?Updated: 03/27/01For HP-UX 10.01 and later, the HP-UX Online Diagnostic System, of whichsysdiag(1M) was a part, has been replaced with the HP-UX Support Toolspackage (HP Part No. B6191AAE). sysdiag's replacement is called SupportTools Manager (STM). See stm(1M).The Support Tools come preinstalled on HP9000 systems purchased on orafter May 1999. Note, the SD bundle name for Support Tools is'OnlineDiag'. For older systems, the latest release of Support Tools canbe downloaded, free of charge, from the "network & system administration"section of <http://software.hp.com/>. For Support Tools documentation, see<http://docs.hp.com/en/diag.html>.Subject: 5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance?Updated: 05/03/02There are, of course, many answers to this question. Many people havenoticed that HP's conservative choices in some configuration areas affectperformance, especially as compared to Solaris. A couple examples: o 'fs_async' kernel parameter HP-UX by default makes all file systems I/O synchronous. Sun[R], by contrast, defaults to asynchronous I/O and depends on the syncer. Changing this parameter's value from 0 to 1 can significantly increase write speeds, BUT at the risk of losing data in a system crash. You can change this parameter using SAM. o 'async' NFS option Similar to local writes, NFS writes to a filesystem exported from an HP-UX system are synchronous by default. Add the async option to your /etc/exports if you want to change that, but be sure to carefully read the exports(4) manpage first.An abundance of performance tuning tips are provided by HP in the followingtuning guides: o HP-UX Workstation System Tuning and Performance Guide, 08/31/00: <http://www.hp-partners.com/tcl_public/html/technical_support/tuning.html> o HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide v3.1, 03/15/00: <http://docs.hp.com/en/1219/tuningwp.html>Subject: 5.7 Networking and CommunicationsSubject: 5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution?Updated: 03/22/01Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf. See nsswitch.conf(4).Subject: 5.7.2 How can I track network packets?TRACING - Trace all packets seen by the device driver on the HP nodes, except diskless packets. Trace packets sent by the node, or addressed to the node.Network tracing can be done with nettl(1M). nettl can only be used by thesuperuser, so su to root before proceeding.1. Start Trace - put data into 1MB trace file. The data will be stored in /tmp/raw.TRC0 and /tmp/raw.TRC1 The most recent data will always be in TRC0, when it fills up, TRC0 is renamed TRC1, and new logging continues in the TRC0 file. They fill up quickly! nettl -tn all -e ns_ls_ip -size 1024 -tracemax 99999 -f /tmp/raw This will trace packets in, packets out, and loopback packets at theIP Layer (ns_ls_ip). If you need link-specific packet tracing you must specify the appropriate network driver or "-e all".2. Stop trace as soon as an event occurs! nettl -tf -e all3. Format trace into a print file: netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt0 netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC1 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt1 -N - print in "nice" format (e.g. interpret) -n - print IP addresses, not hostnames -l - do not highlight fields (for hpterm) -f - input file (nettl-generated trace data) -c - optional, use a filter file (see "filtering", below) NOTE: netfmt takes a while to run! There will be plenty of info in the trace file - interpretation may be necessary!3a. Filtering. Create a filter file to tell netfmt what packets you are interested in seeing. E.g. only display packets to/from IP address 192.10.11.1: filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1 filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1 Filter out all put NFS packets (to/from UDP port 2049) filter udp_sport 2049 filter udp_dport 2049 Filter out all but TCP packets to/from port 25 (sendmail): filter tcp_sport 25 filter tcp_dport 25 Filter on ethernet addresses: filter dest 08-00-09-49-91-4a filter source 08-00-09-49-91-4a You can put these together (e.g. filter all NFS packets to/from IP addr): filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1 filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1 filter udp_sport 2049 filter udp_dport 20493b. To create timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file of all packets in capture file: # netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 >/tmp/fmt0-1 ...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one) specified! To create a timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file using a packet filter, first see information in Step #3a on creating a filter file, then: # netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -c /tmp/filterfile -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 \ >/tmp/fmt0-1f ...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one) specified!HP-UX 10.20 and 11.X can use tcpdump/libpcap as found at<ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/> To select the interface to trace, one uses the -ioption and gives the interface name as "/dev/dlpiN" where N is the PPAof the device. One uses lanscan to find PPAs. On 10.20, the PPA happensto be the same as the Network Management ID (NMID) and is not the sameas the N in "lanN." On 11.X, the PPA happens to be the same as the CardInstance number and happens to be the same as the N in "lanN." The/dev/dlpiN specified to tcpdump/libpcap is not the same as the devicefile /dev/dlpiM. What actually happens is tcpdump/libcap opens /dev/dlpiand bind to PPA N. The /dev/dlpiM device files are for other uses.Subject: 5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network interface?Added: 04/09/01From the command-line=====================Run lanscan(1M).The output will look similar to this: Hardware Station Crd Hdw Net-Interface NM MAC HP-DLPI DLPI Path Address In# State NamePPA ID Type Support Mjr# 0/0/0/0 0x00306E06C47D 0 UP lan0 snap0 1 ETHER Yes 119 0/2/0/0 0x001083FB9956 1 UP lan1 snap1 2 ETHER Yes 119The output will have one entry for each LAN card in the computer. Thesecond field ("Station Address") is the MAC address.To get the MAC addresses of another machine on the LAN, try the following: $ ping {hostname} -n 1 $ arp -a | grep {hostname}where {hostname} is the hostname or IP address of the remote machine.Programmatically================The old (9.x) way to do this was by using the LLA (Link Level Access) API,which is obsolete in 10.x/11.x. The new way to do it is by using the DLPI(Data Link Provider Interface) API, LLA's replacement. For informationon migrating your code from LLA to DLPI, refer to chapter one of the LLAProgramming and Migration Guide (HP Part No. 98194-90053) at<http://docs.hp.com/en/98194-90053/>.You might want to check for a "logical" MAC address, rather than thephysical, if the software is going to be used in a switchover environment.For more information on DLPI programming, refer to the DLPI Programmer'sGuide (HP Part No. B2355-90139), available online at<http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90139/>.Side Note=========To figure out what vendor made your Ethernet card based on the MACaddress, check out <http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/vendor.html>.Subject: 5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to TCP on HP-UX?In HP-UX 10.00-10.20, a special module exists which provides XTI accessover the BSD stack - TLI is not supported. TLI, for the most part afterSVID 3 volume 5, has stopped evolving and is being replaced by XTI inmost implementations. XTI is standardized by X/Open and the currentversions from most vendors should be XPG4 compliant with some beingbranded as the branding test suites are made available by X/Open.Note the reason one needs a streams-based TCP is that both TLI and XTIrely upon a streams-based module, timod, to provide specific functionalitywithin the kernel and this module needs to be pushed upon the transportstack. Since HP-UX uses a BSD transport which is not streams-based andis therefore incapable of having a streams-based module pushed upon it,one can not run TLI/XTI directly upon it, and, hence, a special streamsmodule was created to provide this functionality for HP-UX 10.0.As of HP-UX 10.30, the BSD-based transport is replced by a Streams-basedone. XTI no longer requires a special streams module. In the past, whereone would open /dev/inet_cots to get TCP, one can open /dev/tcp and getTCP.Subject: 5.7.5 How do I disable IP Forwarding?For HP-UX 10.x, one uses nettune to set the variable ip_forwarding to 0.For HP-UX 11.x, one uses ndd to set the variable ip_forwarding to 0. ForHP-UX 11.x, this tune can be placed in the file /etc/rc.config.d/nddconfand will then be applied automagically on every reboot.Subject: 5.7.6 Why is ifconfig giving me errors when I try to configure my LAN?When I try to configure my lan device on my s700 I get the errorifconfig: no such interface - why is that?This is because the interface's hardware state is down. The s700 machinesneed to be connected to a network before they can be configured withifconfig. Add the s700 machine to the network and then reset the interfaceby running landiag (LAN->RESET). If no errors are reported, then youshould be able to ifconfig that interface.Subject: 5.7.7 How do I change the hostname, IP address, DNS Server, etc?Updated: 06/20/01To change these system parameters, you should use the /sbin/set_parmssehll script. This script modifies the system configuration file/etc/rc.config.d/netconf. set_parms does not backup the netconf file, soit's a good idea to back it up yourself before running set_parms: # cd /etc/rc.config.d # cp -p netconf netconf.prevTo print the usage for set_parms, run the script with no arguments: # /sbin/set_parmsAfter modifying netconf, set_parms will ask you whether you want to rebootthe system; this is necessary in order to apply the configuration changes.You can answer "Yes, Reboot", or you can answer "No, Do Not Reboot" andreboot at a later time.Subject: 5.7.8 How do I determine the speed and duplexity of my network interface?Updated: 04/19/01Use the lanadmin(1M) tool as follows: # echo "lan display quit" | lanadminThe "Description" line shows the duplexity, if the network interfacesupports something other than half duplex. The "Speed" line shows thespeed in bits per second (bps).Subject: 5.7.9 How do I display all active Internet (TCP and UDP) connections?Added: 06/01/01 # netstat -anf inetSubject: 5.7.10 How can multiple IP addresses be configured on one interface?Updated: 11/18/01ifalias=======On 10.x, a patch can be installed that adds a new command called ifalias,allowing one to add multiple IP addresses on one interface without havingto buy MC/ServiceGuard: o For 10.20: PHNE_12492 o For 10.10: PHNE_7108 o For 10.01: PHNE_7107 0 For 10.00: not availableAfter installing the patch, see the ifalias(1M) manpage. The command'ssyntax is very straightforward: # ifalias lanX add <address_list>where X is the interface number, and <address_list> is the list of IPaddresses you wish to alias.It is also a good idea to install the latest ARPA Transport patch: o For 10.20: PHNE_22507 o For 10.10: PHNE_19935 o For 10.01: PHNE_20188 o For 10.00: PHNE_13474ifconfig========On 11.x, no additional patches are required, and one does not use theifalias command. The functionality is part of the ifconfig(1M) command.For additional aliases on the same physical interface, one would do: # ifconfig lanX:0 ... # ifconfig lanX:1 ... ... # ifconfig lanX:N ...where X is the interface number. Note, 'lanX' is equivalent to 'lanX:0'.To persist the configuration, modify /etc/rc.config.d/netconf. The formatshould resemble the following: INTERFACE_NAME[0]="lan0" IP_ADDRESS[0]=13.13.10.1 SUBNET_MASK[0]=255.255.255.0 BROADCAST_ADDRESS[0]="" INTERFACE_STATE[0]="" DHCP_ENABLE[0]=0 INTERFACE_NAME[1]="lan0:1" IP_ADDRESS[1]=13.13.20.15 SUBNET_MASK[1]=255.255.255.0 BROADCAST_ADDRESS[1]="" INTERFACE_STATE[1]="" DHCP_ENABLE[1]=0Again, it is a good idea to install the latest ARPA Transport patch: o For 11.11: PHNE_27063 o For 11.00: PHNE_27886cmmodnet========HP's MC/ServiceGuard product also allows you to configure multiple IPaddresses on one interface, using the cmmodnet command which adds IPaddresses to existing interfaces. For example: # cmmodnet -a -i 15.13.169.16 15.13.143Where -a is add, -i 15.13.169.16 is the IP address to add, and 15.13.143is the subnet on which to add it. The cmmodnet command (via the ioctl()s)then figures out which interface the subnet is currently on and addsthe new IP address to that interface.VIF===Similar functionality for HP-UX 9.x can be obtained using the VIF kerneldriver by Steinar Haug <sthaug@nethelp.no>. For more info, see: o <http://www.nethelp.no/net/vif/readme.html>Subject: 5.7.11 How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?This can be problem when the LAN isn't connected at boot time. To resolvethe problem, use the 'reset' command in 'landiag'.Subject: 5.7.12 Where can I get STREAMS for HP-UX?Updated: 03/30/01STREAMS/UX is included with and fully supported on HP-UX 10.00 and later.For HP-UX 9.x, STREAMS/UX was a product that could be purchasedseparately. STREAMS/UX is based on the OSF/1[R] streams code, which inturn is based on streams code from Mentat.The HP manual "STREAMS/UX for the HP 9000 Reference Manual" (Part No.J2237-90005) can be viewed online at: o <http://docs.hp.com/en/J2237-90005/>Also, there are a number of kernel parameters for streams. Anexplanation of these parameters is provided online (see section 5.5.3for more info).Subject: 5.7.13 What version of BIND (named) comes with HP-UX?Updated: 12/11/02HP-UX 11.20 comes with BIND version 9.2.HP-UX 11.11 comes with BIND version 8.1.2.HP-UX 11.00 comes with BIND version 4.9.6.HP-UX 10.20 comes with BIND version 4.9.3.HP-UX 10.00 comes with BIND version 4.8.3.Use what(1) to determine what version of BIND is installed:$ what /usr/sbin/named | grep named/usr/sbin/named: named 8.1.2 Tue Feb 15 06:58:53 GMT 2000There are several patches available for BIND: o 11.11: PHNE_23275 - provides several bug fixes & new 'nsupdate' tool o 11.00: PHNE_23274 - upgrades BIND to v4.9.7. o 10.x: PHNE_23277 - upgrades BIND to v4.9.7.One can download a free copy of BIND 9.2.0 for 11i or BIND v8.1.2 for11.00 from <http://software.hp.com/> ("enhancement releases" section).Note there are substantial differences between BIND 4.x and BIND 8.x/9.Subject: 5.7.14 What version of sendmail comes with HP-UX?Updated: 12/11/02HP-UX 11.20 comes with sendmail version 8.11.1.HP-UX 11.11 comes with sendmail version 8.9.3.1.HP-UX 11.00 and 10.20 come with sendmail version 8.7.1.1.HP-UX 10.00/01/10 come with sendmail version 5.65.Use what(1) to determine what version of sendmail is installed:$ what /usr/sbin/sendmail | grep version/usr/sbin/sendmail: version.c 8.9.3.1 (Berkeley) 10/01/2000There are several patches available for sendmail: o 11.11: PHNE_25184 - provides a couple bug fixes o 11.00: PHNE_24419 - upgrades sendmail to v8.9.3.1 and provides a bunch of bug fixes o 10.20: PHNE_25183 - upgrades sendmail to v8.9.3.1 and provides a bunch of bug fixesOne can download a free copy of sendmail 8.11.1 for 11.x or sendmailv8.8.6 for HP-UX 9.x or 10.0x/10 from <http://software.hp.com/>("enhancement releases" section). Note there are substantial differencesbetween sendmail 5.x and sendmail 8.x.Subject: 5.7.15 What version of NFS comes with HPUX?Updated: 01/03/02o HP-UX 11.00/10/11 come with NFS Version 2 and 3 over UDP and TCP.o HP-UX 10.20 comes with NFS Version 2 over UDP. NFS Version 3 over UDP can be added by installing the latest XSW patch bundle or by installing the latest NFS patch - currently: - PHNE_25234o HP-UX 10.00/01/10 come with NFS Version 2 over UDP only.Subject: 5.7.16 What is the difference between automount and AutoFS?Updated: 09/12/03There are two versions of the Automounter available: o automount: Also called the "legacy" or "user space" automounter, ported from SunOS 4.X. The legacy automounter supports NFS Version 2 over UDP ONLY (even on 11.x). When it runs, you see a process named "automount" running. o AutoFS: This is an older version of the Solaris AutoFS automounter. The AutoFS automounter supports NFS Version 2 and 3 over UDP and TCP. When it runs, you see a process named "automountd" running, and a kernel helper process called "autofs_proc". The "automount" command is used to re-read and update the AutoFS configuration. AutoFS is only available on 10.20 NFS patch versions since 1999. It is available on all 11.x N | |
