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Title: Data Formats/Markup Languages/XML/Style Sheets/XSL/FAQs, Help, and Tutorials - Objects by Design: XMI to HTML Using XSL to transform an object-oriented design described in XMI (UML) to a browser-based HTML representation. Additional information on CSS is provided.
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Objects by Design: Transforming XMI to HTML
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Transforming XMI to HTML
------>> More on XMI to HTML <<------
XMI to HTML, Part 1
XMI to HTML, Part 2
Graphics Editor Model
Class Diagram
Download Source
------------------------------
XSLT by Example
XHTML
Keys
Templates
Flow Control
XPath
In this project we will be demonstrating how to use the newly introduced XSLT stylesheet technology to transform XMI documents into HTML. Our purpose is to be able to display an object-oriented design in a web browser.
XMI is an XML-based, stream representation of a UML model which has the potential to allow models to be shared between different UML tools. Since XMI is a relatively new part of the suite of UML standards (March, 1999), support for this standard has appeared gradually over the course of the last year. For a discussion on the future role XMI can play in the O-O development process, please see our criteria for choosing a UML modeling tool.
For information of a tutorial nature on XSLT, see our companion set of pages, XSLT by Example, which is also based on the stylesheet presented herein.
There are a number of new, evolving technologies discussed in the sections which follow. Links to documents describing these technologies are provided at the end of this page for further research. The reader will benefit by delaying the navigation of these links until after the presentation of our design.
Overview
The following diagram illustrates the general process of transforming XML to HTML.
The main driver of the XML transformation is the XSLT processor. The XSLT processor reads in both the XML document and the XSLT stylesheet. The XSLT stylesheet describes a set of patterns to match within the XML document and the transformations to apply when a match is found.
Pattern matches are described in terms of the tags and attributes for elements found within an XML document. Transformations extract information from the XML document and format it into HTML. Each match-transformation pair is called an XSLT template; we will soon see them in action.
The transformation process works in a way very analogous to the way scripting languages such as Python or Perl operate - apply regular expressions to an input stream and then transform the elements that were found to an output stream. In that sense XSLT could really be called a scripting language, especially since it contains elements of control flow similar to a scripting language.
For our project, we are using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to provide formating information to the browser when displaying the generated HTML. CSS provides the advantage of eliminating the repetition of many formating tags for HTML elements; instead they are extracted at display time from a style in the stylesheet. This works analogously to the way stylesheets in word processors work.
Note from the diagram that the XSLT transformation produces a single HTML file. This is an artifact of the way the XSLT process works - there is no file control as in true scripting languages. However, we will utilize the single HTML file to our advantage - the resulting HTML, while potentially large, is loaded once and provides faster hyperlinking between elements of the O-O design, especially when loading from a web server.
The XSLT processor that was used for this project is an excellent Java-based, open-source tool called Xalan, a product of the open-source Apache XML project.
Design
Our initial goal is to get a handle on XSLT and XMI. As a starting point for any XSLT project, it is helpful to have a picture of what the intended HTML will look like. It is then easier to work backwards to determine which XML elements contain the information needed and to figure out which XSLT constructs can be used to do the transformation.
The basic UML elements we have set out to present in HTML are the class and interface elements. We also want to show inheritance from an interface or a class. For an interface, we want to show the operations and their signatures. For a class we want to show attributes as well as operations. And wherever a parameter or attribute type is defined elsewhere in the HTML document, we want a hyperlink to take us there. The resulting HTML produces something that looks like this:
Class
Ellipse
Supertypes:
ClosedFigure
Subtypes:
Circle
Attributes:
visibility
type
name
private
Point
focus1
private
Point
focus2
Operations:
visibility
return
name
public
float
perimeter
public
void
rotate
parameters:
Point
center
float
angle
public
void
translate
parameters:
float
x
float
y
public
void
display
Let's deconstruct this HTML to see the underlying structure. This will help later when describing the transformation process. There are basically three nested tables used here. The outer table is the container for the whole definition. The first row in this table includes the name of the element and indicates whether the element is a class or interface.
The second table is used to contain the details of the element definition, in this case the attributes and operations of a class. As will be seen, this table is used to get the effect of the grey lines between table cells as well as to offset the details from the container. Therefore, the second table is nested within the outer table.
The third table contains the input parameter definitions for an operation and is nested within the second table. This table allows us to offset the parameters from the operation name and to organize the parameter definitions with columns for the type and name.
Model
By now you are surely wondering, "So where did we get the XMI from?" Both the diagram and the XMI for this project were produced by ArgoUML, an open-source UML modeling tool developed at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). ArgoUML is still below version 1.0 (0.8) but the primary author, Jason Robbins, had the foresight to implement the model persistence using XMI. As such, it has the distinction of being one of the first UML modeling tools to implement the XMI standard.
Our example application for this project is inspired by and derived from an example used by Bertrand Meyer in his book, Object-Oriented Software Construction - the modeling of geometric shapes in an editor. The example is useful because it shows the use of inheritance, which we want to demonstrate in our HTML representation of the model. The resulting diagram for the model may be viewed in a separate window: the |
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Using | XSL | to | transform | an | object-oriented | design | described | in | XMI | (UML) | to | a | browser-based | HTML | representation. | Additional | information | on | CSS | is | provided. |
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http://www.objectsbydesign.com/projects/xmi_to_html.html
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Using XSL to transform an object-oriented design described in XMI (UML) to a browser-based HTML representation. Additional information on CSS is provided.
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