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Title: Hardware/Components/Processors/Minimal - SUBLEQ Simple one instruction language; type of OISC; specifications from Clive Gifford eigenratios self-interpreter page. Each subleq instruction has 3 operands which are memory addresses. Oleg Mazonka.
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Oleg Mazonka - Languages - SUBLEQ
SUBLEQ
Assembly language sqasm.cpp
Emulator (interpreter) sqrun.cpp
Subleq is a simple one instruction language (form of OISC).
Its specifications were taken from
Clive Gifford page
(http://eigenratios.blogspot.com/).
Each subleq instruction has 3 operands:
A B C
which are memory addresses. Execution of one instruction A B C
subtracts the value of memory in A from the content of memory in B.
If value after subtraction in B less or equal to zero, then
execution jumps to the address C; otherwise to the next instruction.
For example, in
3 4 6
7 7 7
3 4 0
first instruction subtracts 7 (address 3) from 7 (address 4).
The result in address 4 is 0, so goto 6. On address 6 is the
instruction 3 4 0 which again substracts 7 from now 0
and jumps back to 0. Here is a sequence of execution
(A and B are shown after subtraction)
0: 3 4 6 A=7 B=0
6: 3 4 0 A=7 B=-7
0: 3 4 6 A=7 B=-14
6: 3 4 0 A=7 B=-21
0: 3 4 6 A=7 B=-28
...
It is not convinient to use numbers as addresses so we can replace them
with labels or names:
X Y 6
X:7 Y:7 7
X Y 0
Then a small convertor sqasm.cpp (download from the top of the page)
would build the program above:
> sqasm < file.sq > file.out
> sqrun -trace file.out
If we want a program to produce a result - kind of output, then
we ahve to make a convention that there are well defined
memory addresses which take some special functions when used.
Let us have a look at this
"Hi" program
First line "Hi OUT" subtracts ASCII value 'H' from OUT register.
We specify later that OUT register is a special register and the action
is to print ASCII character of value 'H' (72).
Operand C is missed, but our assembler
is smart enough to assume that C is the next instruction.
The next instruction is the same but writes 'i' (105) to OUT.
The following instruction is an unconditional jump to a negative address, which
means HALT. This subtracts the memory cell 0 from the same memory cell. The
address of that memory in not important since the program stops here.
The next line ". Hi: 'H' 'i'" is data which is used by a program.
Dot signifies that the command is not an instruction - it does not have
necessary 3 operands. We need it to distinguish from the 2 operand
command when 3rd implicitly implied. For example:
the command "A:A B:B" on address 100 will be translated into
"100 101 103" (103=100+3) and ".A:A B:B" into "100 101".
The register OUT is not resolved on assembly stage. But we can tell
the emulator to use this unresolved symbol as a special address. For example,
assign -1 to it and print the value of operand A whenever instruction
uses -1 as operand B.
Another more complex example of "Hello world!" program
The logic of this program is to output one symbol at a time pointed by
a pointer p and incrementing it every iteration.
The line
. H: "Hello world!\n" E:E
is the same as
. H: 'H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o' ' ' 'w' 'o' 'r' 'l' 'd' '!' '\n' E:E
The pointer is initialized with the label 'H' and
checked for achieving the label 'E'. One complex
part of the program is printing a value stored at the address
stored in p (dereferencing). And another complex
part of the program is a check when p==E.
You have noticed that the symbol '#' makes comment. Another simplification
to the syntax is semicolon ';' separating one instruction from another.
Another simplification is implicit B operand, which means
B=A. And yet another simplification is '?' symbol specifying
the next address (this+1). For example,
"A;" is the same as "A A" which is the same as "A A ?", because
the default C operand is the next instruction and the address of the
next instruction is the same as the address of C operand +1.
The code "?; ? ? ?; ?" is translated into
1 1 3
4 5 6
7 7 9
Clive Gifford wrote self-interpreter in Subleq
http://eigenratios.blogspot.com/2006/09/mark-ii-oisc-self-interpreter.html
Below is a Clive's self-interpreter
in this syntax. One modification was made
to take into account a special OUT register, i.e. self-interpreter
shifting memory address space of iterpreted program should not shift
address of the special register.
Here is intermediate self-interpreter
code with Clive's comments.
How to run self-interpreter
> sqasm < siout.sq > si
> sqasm < hw3.sq > hw3
> sqrun hw3
Hello world!
> sqrun si hw3
Hello world!
> sqrun si si hw3
Hello world!
> sqrun si si si hw3
Hello world! Very slowly
Comments
Jump to negative address stops the program
Jump address is taken before instruction execution
Input is done as modification in memory - loading behind
Syntactic sugar
semicolon or EOL ends instruction
? stands for the next address, i.e. A:? means A+1
. stands for free instruction (not necessary 3)
output port is a defined memory address (possibly negative)
short instructions: "A" is "A A ?" and "A B" is "A B ?"
Other resources
99-bottles-of-beer in Subleq
Home
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Simple | one | instruction | language; | type | of | OISC; | specifications | from | Clive | Gifford | eigenratios | self-interpreter | page. | Each | subleq | instruction | has | 3 | operands | which | are | memory | addresses. | Oleg | Mazonka. |
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http://mozaika.com.au/oleg/subleq/
SUBLEQ 2008 September
dvd rental
dvd
Simple one instruction language; type of OISC; specifications from Clive Gifford eigenratios self-interpreter page. Each subleq instruction has 3 operands which are memory addresses. Oleg Mazonka.
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