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Linux C++ Software Development Yolinux.com Tutorial

Linux C++ Software Development

Links to Linux C++ GUI frameworks, APIs, IDEs, as well as C++ tips for Linux developers. e9 = new Object(); e9.size = "728x90,468x60"; e9.noAd = 1; e9.addBlockingCategories="Flashing,Pop-under,Pop-up,Floating,Full-page"; Table of Contents: # C++ GUI Framework Toolkits # C++ Graphic Componets and Widgets # C++ Web Server CGI Toolkits # Software Testing Tools # C/C++ Development environment for Linux # Coding for cross platform deployment with gcc/g++ # Notes # Links # Books YoLinux C++ and related Tutorials: C++ STL (Standard Template Library) example of a linked list using a list Boos list of pointers STL Map and Multimap associative container class C++ string class examples X-emacs and C++ development C++ Structure Example and Tutorial Programming web server CGI programs with C++ and the GNU CgiCC library C++ Coding Style, Standards, Practices and Document Generation Integrating FORTRAN and C/C++ code GNOME GTK+ GUI Programming Threads: POSIX Threads GNOME GDK Threads CORBA programming using OmniORB C/C++ memory corruption and memory leaks MS/Visual C++ Tips and best practices - so MS/Windows developers don't mess up your files too badley. Linux software development tutorial YoLinux Tutorials Index YoLinux Tutorials: °YoLinux Tutorials Index Free Information Technology Magazine Subscriptions and Document Downloads Free Information Technology Software and Development Magazine Subscriptions and Document Downloads C++ GUI Framework Toolkits: Cross platform (Linux, MS/Windows, IRIX, Solaris (Gnome will be standard on Solaris 10)) GTK.org: GTK+ (Cross platform) YoLinux tutorial: GTK+ Tips and Tricks - Building a GUI using GTK+ Linux Magazine: GUI Building with GTK+ Glade Home Page - GTK+ GUI builder. Glade Tutorial - by Ishan Chattopadhyaya Trolltech.com: QT - Used to develop KDE (MS/Windows, Mac, Linux) ICS.com: GraphPak, Quics Table and KD tools (Qt widgets) for QT. wxWindows.org - Supports all platforms and many IDE's Fox Toolkit - Linux, Windows, most UNIX GLUT: Toolkit and GUI written in OpenGL. Cross platform MS/Win32 and X11 API spec Tutorial Mozilla XPT - Can also use XML to define GUI layout OpenOffice.org: GSL Borland.com: CLX Winehq.com - Winelib - Libraries to support Windows API (Linux and BSD only. Not truly cross platform but a good porting tool) GNUstep: Gorm (Objective C) GUI Framework links: IBM developer site: Gui components and vendors - slightly out of date List of cross platform GUI libraries Another list of cross platform GUI libraries C++ Graphic Componets and Widgets: SL.com - Sherrill - Lubinski SL-GMS Dynamic graphic GUI components and controls for real time interfaces and displays. Common ".m1" file graphic framework for C++ and Java. Graphic sources include Visio, bitmaps and DXF. Supports pan, zoom, drill-down and hyperlink capability. Supports input as well as displays. Kinesix.com: Sammi - Similar to SL-GMS but not as good. Genlogic.com: GLG - Dynamic, data driven visual components. INT.com ILog.com: Views - Diagraming and data graphing capabilities. C++ Web Server CGI Toolkits: GNU C++ CGI Programming web server CGI programs with C++ and the GNU CgiCC library - YoLinux Tutorial CGILIB - Red Hat yacgi: Yet Another C/C++ library for CGI Programming C++ CGI for SQL/Oracle Software Testing Tools: CppUnit C++ port of IBM's JAva JUnit test framework. Test report output is in XML or text. CxxTest - C++ test framework Unit++ - testing library and framework C/C++ Development environment for Linux: The following tools will provide the infrastructure for a C++ on Linux development environment: (Eclipse IDE, SCM and the build tools are cross platform and can be duplicated on MS/Windows and other UNIX environemnts) IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Eclipse Download http://eclipse.org/downloads/ - i.e. eclipse-SDK-3.1.1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz Eclipse also requires the Java installation. See YoLinux Java download/installation Install Eclipse: for all on system: mv eclipse-SDK-3.1.1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz /opt tar xzf eclipse-SDK-3.1.1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz This installs Eclipse under /opt/eclipse OR for yourself only: Download to your home directory. tar xzf eclipse-SDK-3.1.1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz This installs Eclipse under /home/your-user-id/eclipse Be sure to include the following Eclipse plug-ins: CDT: C/C++ development plug-in for Eclipse - [CDT manual] Install CDT plug-in: Install from web: In Eclipse select "Help" from the menubar + "Software Updates" + "Find and Install" + "Search for newfeatures to install" + "Next" + "New Remote Site" to add an update sitewith the URL: http://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/eclipse3.1 OR Download and install "tar.gz" file: http://download.eclipse.org/ download appropriate tar bundle for your platform: i.e. org.eclipse.cdt-3.0.0-linux.x86_64.tar.gz to the parent of the eclipse directory: i.e. /opt tar xzf org.eclipse.cdt-3.0.0-linux.x86_64.tar.gz (To view contents of tar file: tar tzf org.eclipse.cdt-3.0.0-linux.x86_64.tar.gz) Verify installation: "Help" + "About Eclipse SDK" + "Plug-in Details". "C/C++ Development Tools" should be listed. Note that CDT is NOT platform independant. You must download and install the plug-in compiled for your platform. Eclipse "Help" menu will include tutorials on CDT after plug-in installation. Also See "Help" + "Welcome" + select "CDT Tutorials". Subclipse: Subversion plug-in for Eclipse Installation: Download site.0.9.36.zip to Eclipse directory: /opt/eclipse Unzip file (May require installation of RPM package unzip): unzip site.0.9.36.zip Start Eclipse IDE: /opt/eclipse/eclipse & In Eclipse select: "Help" (from menu bar) +"Software Updates" + "Find and Install" (wait a minute or so for it torespond. No joke, on slow systems expect to wait over 3 min.) + "Searchfor new features to install" + "Next" + "New local site". Browse to: /opt/eclipse/update/ + select "OK" Select the box next to "eclipse/update" + "Next" +select the "I accept the terms ..." + "Next" + Features to install:select "Subclipse 0.9.36" + "Finish" + "Install All" + "Yes" to restartEclipse. Select "Window" from the menu bar + "Open Perspective", select "Other...", select "SVN Repository Exploring", select "OK" Buttons on top right of Eclipse window can change back and forth fromthe IDE to Subversion browsing, or select "Window" from the menu bar +"Open Perspective" + "Other" + "SVN Repository Exploring" and thenclick "Ok". To add a new SVN repository: Right click in "SVNRepository" Exploring pane + right click "New", "Repository Location".In the "Add SVN Repository" window enter in the "Url:" space under"Location" the SVN location + select "Finish". Subversive:Another Subversion plug-in for Eclipse. Includes more details foradvanced Subversion users. Displays lots of version info. Annoying ifyou want a clean simple interface. EHEP: Hex file viewer plug-in VI plug-in - For those who love VI editing and cursor manipulation key bindings. Prc-Eclipse - Palm OS development plug-in CCA: C source code security analyzer plug-in [Potential Pitfall]: If Eclipse is installed in /opt/eclipse/ for system wide use, you may want to start Eclipse with the following command: eclipse -data /home/user1/workspace [Potential Pitfall]: When downloading Eclipse and Eclipse plug-ins, look at the README files (eclipse/readme/readme_eclipse.html)to see if you have a matching GTK+ release. If the version of Eclipseand plug-ins are too new for the version of GTK+ on your system thenEclipse may not display properly. For older versions of Linux, you mayhave to install older versions of Eclipse and older plug-ins. i.e. thelatest version of Eclipse (3.1.1) on the older Red Hat Linux 8.0 willNOT operate properly. Eclipse 3.1.1 requires GTK 2.2.1 while Red Hat8.0 uses GTK 2.0. [Potential Pitfall]: Don't mix 32 bit Java with 64 bit (AMD64/EM64T) Eclipse. Choose all 32 or all 64 bit for Eclipse environment. Error in ~/workspace/.metadata/.log !SESSION 2005-10-31 00:19:28.817 -----------------------------------------------eclipse.buildId=M20050929-0840java.version=1.4.2_09java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc.BootLoader constants: OS=linux, ARCH=x86_64, WS=gtk, NL=en_USCommand-line arguments: -os linux -ws gtk -arch x86_64!ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 2005-10-31 00:19:29.787!MESSAGE Application error!STACK 1java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/eclipse/configuration/org.eclipse.osgi/bundles/24/1/.cp/libswt-pi-gtk-3139.so: ...xxxxxxxxxxx...: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1586) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1495) at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:788) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:834) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Library.loadLibrary(Library.java:123) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.gtk.OS.(OS.java:19) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Converter.wcsToMbcs(Converter.java:63) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Converter.wcsToMbcs(Converter.java:54) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.(Display.java:122) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.createDisplay(Workbench.java:381) at org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI.createDisplay(PlatformUI.java:155) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.IDEApplication.createDisplay(IDEApplication.java:128) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.IDEApplication.run(IDEApplication.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.internal.runtime.PlatformActivator$1.run(PlatformActivator.java:226) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:376) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:163) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324) at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:334) at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:278) at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:973) at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:948) Installing the RPM jdk-1_5_0_05-linux-amd64.rpm instead of the i586 version of Java to run with the x86_64 version of Eclipse fixes this problem. Notes: Help/Welcome screen is default upon start-up and gives anintroduction and tutorials on Eclipse . You can later return to thismenu: "Help" + "Welcome". I could not find any way to enter gdb debuggercommands. The only input accepted is through the GUI. While it offerssimilar capability to MS/VC++, hard core debugging is best left to ddd. Alternate C/C++ IDE: I can also recomend the AnjutaIDE for C/C++ development. Solid, simple, intuitive, bug free IDE forC/C++ development on Linux. Search/Indexing, edit, compile and debug. Packages: YUM: yum install anjuta RPMs available from Dag Wieers: Anjuta. Ubuntu/Debian: apt-get install anjuta (requires: anjuta-common, libgtk2.0-dev libgtkmm2.0-dev libgnome2-dev libgnomemm2.0-dev devhelp-books glade-2 glade-gnome-2 cvs automake autogen indent ctags devhelp gnome-devel libtool) SCM (Software Configuration Management): Subversion CM server and Trac bug tracking server - version control - Subversion is a CVS follow-on with new features. Operates much like old CVS. YoLinux Subversion user Tutorial IBM Rational Clearcase: Clearcase Client Installation Clearcase Server Installation Clearcase commands YoLinux CM Tools links Bug / issue tracking: Trac bug tracking server - Installation, configuration and integration with Subversion. See YoLinux bug tracking systems links Build systems: GNU gmake/make: GNU make is a build system based on the original UNIX "make" build system but with more features. Install RPM package: make GNU make manual scons: Newer python based, cross platform build system. Great for cross platform development (i.e. MS/Windows and Linux/Unix) Automated Nightly/Continuous Build and reporting systems: YoLinux Tutorial - Cabie Installation/Configuration: Multi-platform build system for Subversion, CVS or Perforce YoLinux.com: List of continuous and nightly build / test systems File Compare Tools: gtkdiff: Has diff3 and merge features. Written with GTK+. After gtkdiff-0.8.0, GNOME required. fldiff: Graphical file and directory diff. (Cross platform) kdiff3:Graphical directory and file diff, merge and edit. KDE3/Qt based.Supports drag and drop. Comes with S.u.S.E. distro. (Cross platform)MS/Windows download available. Difference: kdiff file1 file2 Difference: kdiff file1 file2 file3 Difference of two files: kdiff directory1/file directory2 Difference: kdiff directory1 directory2 Merge: kdiff directory1 directory2 -o dest-directory Merge: kdiff file1 file2 -m Merge: kdiff file1 file2 -o output-file Kompare: Ships with KDE SDK. [manual] Meld: Compare, edit and merge. mgdiff: [download] Motif-based graphical file difference browser and merge. Comes with S.u.S.E. distro. tkdiff: [download] gvim and gvimdiff dirdiff: Directory difference viewer. Compiler: Install RPM packages for GNU compiler gcc, gcc-c++, binutils (linker), glibc, glibc-devel, gdb Note: Also see Javadoc like tagged comments the auto document generation facility: dOxygen - YoLinux Tutorial The above environment is cross platform and can be used on MS/Windows as well. Eclipse (and plug-ins) can be substituted by vi or emacs, ddd or gdb and raw svn commands. Configure fresh Linux installation for C/C++ development (gcc/g++): If not pre-configured for software development, the following packages will have to be installed (at a minimum): Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install gcc g++ make autoconf automake gawk Red Hat: yum install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake gawk binutils Coding for cross platform deployment with gcc/g++: The gcc/g++ compiler is compiled with a number of defined preprocessor variables.The list of defined variables compiled into gcc/g++ can be viewed by issuing the command: g++ -dumpspecs The defined preprocessor variables can then be used to handle platform dependencies. Platform Platform Variable Name Variable: unix Variable: posix Variable: _POSIX_SOURCE Architecture variable GCC: RHEL/Fedora Linux linux__gnu_linux__ * * __i386____x86_64__ Red Hat 8 Linux linux__gnu_linux__ * * * Suse 9.2 Linux linux__gnu_linux__ * Sun Solaris/SPARC sparc __arch64 SGI IRIX/MIPS sgi * _SGI_SOURCE mipshost_mips Cygwin Win/Intel-32 __CYGWIN32WIN32 * * _X86_ Example C/C++ source code 1: #ifdef sparc...#endif#ifdef linux...#endif#ifdef __CYGWIN32...#endif...#if defined(linux) || defined(sparc)...#endif... Example C/C++ source code 2: #ifdef sgi return fn_sgi();#elif defined(__CYGWIN32) return fn_win();#elif defined(linux) return fn_linux();#else struct time ts; return fn_time();#endif... OR #ifdef sgi #include file_sgi.h#elif defined(sparc) #include file_sparc.h#elif defined(linux) #include file_linux.h#else #error Unknown OS type#endif... Note use of the "#error" for error processing. Also see YoLinux GNU Makefile cross platform tips Notes: Link error solution: If you get a similar error ClassName::ClassName[not-in-charge] The solution is to change the order of the libraries. i.e. If the following compile results in an error: g++ source-file.cpp -lxxx -lyyy -lzzz -L../XXX -L../YYY -L../ZZZ The solution is to change the order of the libraries: g++ source-file.cpp -lyyy -lzzz -lxxx -L../XXX -L../YYY -L../ZZZ The order of the library paths is irrellevant (-L). C++ Link error: "undefined reference to `vtable for classname-goes-here`" My fix was to define a destructor. The virtual base class and destructor required the derived class to define a destructor. Architecture independent data types and pointers: Avoid 32/64 bit cross platform issues by using pointer type: intptr_t Use include file stdint.h. MS/Windows uses INT_PTR. Avoid integer word size issues by using defined types in stdint.h Libraries are typically found in /usr/lib and /lib. On systems which mix 32 and 64 bit libraries look for /usr/lib64 and /lib64. Links: C++ References: GNU C++ Library User's Guide Sun's C++ 5.0 Compiler Programming Guide - Very good coverage of advanced features C++ Programming Language Tutorials UCSD.edu: Standard C Cplusplus.com Informit.com: C++ reference guide C++ Library References: GNU C++ Iostream Library STL - home (SGI) C++ Data Structures Source Code List of C++ Libraries C++ Library Reference C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference - Nicolai Josuttis C++ API's and Toolkits: C++ Motif toolkit Object Oriented Programming - C++ GUI and C++ frameworks ACE C++ Framework - Schmidt C++ Boost libraries C++ Links and Info: C/C++ Users Journal - Magazine articles FreshSources.com C++ Pitfalls - by Cay S. Horstmann Programmersheaven.com: C++ Links US chapter of the Association of C/C++ Users The comp.lang.c++ FAQ Coding Standards C-C++ Beautifier HOW-TO CPP-Home.com CSourceSearch.net - C/C++ database of searchable source code Books: C++ How to Program by Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel ISBN #0131857576, Prentice Hall Fifth edition. The first edition of this book (and Professor Sheely at UTA) taught me to program C++. It is complete and covers all the nuances of the C++ language. It also has good code examples. Good for both learning and reference. Amazon.com Exceptional C++: 47 Engineering Puzzles, Programming Problems and Solutions by Herb Sutter ISBN #0201615622, Addison-Wesley Professional Advanced C++ features and STL. Amazon.com More Exceptional C++ by Herb Sutter ISBN #020170434X, Addison-Wesley Professional Amazon.com Effective C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Design (2nd Edition) by Scott Meyers ISBN #0201924889, Addison-Wesley Professional Amazon.com More Effective C++: 35 New Ways to improve your Programs and Designs by Scott Meyers ISBN #020163371X, Addison-Wesley Professional Amazon.com Dr. Dobb's Journal Free subscription to the premier resource forprofessional programmers and software developers. Multi-language andmulti-platform with program listings, coding tips, design issuediscussions and algorithms. Subscribe here! Free Subscription See http://YoLinux.com for more Linux information and tutorials Return to YoLinux Tutorial Index Feedback Form Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007 by Greg Ippolito _qacct="p-ebIBcaVUngFBQ";quantserve();Quantcastvar gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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