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| About site: http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/index.html |
Title: History - Punched Cards Covers the earliest ways of encoding data up to the cards used in voting systems today.
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Douglas W. Jones's punched card index BODY { margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 3%; } EM.O { font-style: normal; text-decoration: overline; } EM.U { font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; } EM.S { font-style: normal; text-decoration: line-through; } A { text-decoration: none; } A.I { font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; } TD.BOX { border: solid; border-width: thin; } TD.SHADE { background: #CCCCCC; } CAPTION { padding-top: 6px; } DIV.HEADBOX { border: groove; border-width: 2px; background: #F0F0E0; padding-top: 1%; padding-bottom: 1%; padding-left: 5px; } DIV.HEADBOX P { margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; } DIV.HEADBOX H1 { margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.4em; } DIV.HEADBOX H2 { margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.4em; } DIV.P25 { border: none; padding-left: 25%; } DIV.INVISIBLE { font-size: 3px; letter-spacing: -5px; color: white; background: white; } DIV.INVISIBLE A:link { color: white; } DIV.INVISIBLE A:visited { color: white; } DIV.INVISIBLE A:active { color: white; } DIV.invisible A:active { color: white; background: white; } Punched Cards by Douglas W. Jones THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Department of Computer Science Punched cards were, in the 1960's the universal symbol of computing, andeven in the 1930's, they were a symbol of modernity. Today, cards areall but forgotten, surviving in a few applicatons such as turnpike tollreceipts and automatic voting systems. Historical Information An illustrated technical historyAll about chad?A Collection of Cards Do not fold, spindle or mutilate": A cultural history of the punch card by Steven Lubar of the Smithsonian Institution. USPTO Punched Card Patents 1887-1944 indexed by Hans B. Pufal and J. Pain of Grenoble. Codes used on Punched Cards There were multiple mappingsbetween the 12 holes of one card column and the character sets of variousmachines and keypunches. Punched Card Emulation The following software is available to encourage the development of museumquality emulators for antique computing and punched-card tabulatingequipment: An ASCII to card-deck filter A card-deck to ASCII filter A tool to concatenate emulated card-decksThese are supported by ashared translation table that includes some of the many mappingsbetween ASCII and hole patterns punched on cards.The file format used by these programs isavailable, and I hope that emulators for historical computer architectureswill support interchangable punched card I/O using this format and that asuite of emulated punched card data processing machines will be developed.Paul Mattes has created an 026 keypunch emulator that supports thisformat and runs under X11 on Linux and some other Unix compatible systems!See x026 for ademo and an animated GIF of the user interface.Other punched card resources The Hollerith Tabulating Machine web pages from A Chronological History of Computing at Columbia University. Everything about Punched Cards from the Museum Waalsdorp in Holland, with illustrations of punched card machinery. IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army with good illustrations of pre-computer card processing equipment. A brief illustrated personal history Vintage Tech can convert your punched cards to modern data formats. Cardamation. Yes, there is still a place to rent or buy punched card data processing equipment.Data Maintenance offers service contracts on punched card equipment.U.S. Card Corporation, formerly ofTiffin, Ohio, has closed its doors, as of early 2005, after a run of32 years in the punched-card business.Last Modified:Sunday, 08-Oct-2006 13:04:41 CDT. |
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Covers | the | earliest | ways | of | encoding | data | up | to | the | cards | used | in | voting | systems | today. |
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http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/index.html
Punched Cards 2008 September
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Covers the earliest ways of encoding data up to the cards used in voting systems today.
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