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Monolithic kernel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ Monolithic kernel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search   Structure of monolithic kernel, microkernel and hybrid kernel-based operating systemsA monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in kernel space in supervisor mode. In common with other architectures (microkernel, hybrid kernels), the kernel defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management in one or more modules.[citation needed]Even if every module servicing these operations is separate from the whole, the code integration is very tight and difficult to do correctly, and, since all the modules run in the same address space, a bug in one module can bring down the whole system. However, when the implementation is complete and trustworthy, the tight internal integration of components allows the low-level features of the underlying system to be effectively utilized, making a good monolithic kernel highly efficient. In a monolithic kernel, all the systems such as the filesystem management run in an area called the kernel mode.[citation needed][edit] Loadable modulesMost modern monolithic kernels such as OpenVMS, Linux, BSD variants such as FreeBSD and NetBSD, and Solaris can dynamically load (and unload) executable modules at runtime. This modularity of the kernel is at the binary (image) level and is not at the kernel architecture level. Modular monolithic kernels are not to be confused with the architectural level of modularity inherent in microkernels or hybrid kernels. Practically, dynamically loading modules is simply a more flexible way of handling the kernel image at runtime — as opposed to rebooting with a different kernel image. The modules allow easy extension of the kernel's capabilities as required. Dynamically loadable modules incur a small overhead when compared to building the module into the kernel image. However in some cases loading modules dynamically (as-needed) helps to keep the amount of code running in kernel space to a minimum for example to minimize kernel footprint for embedded devices with limited hardware resources. Namely, an unloaded module need not be stored in the scarce random access memory.[edit] Monolithic kernel examplesUnix-like kernelsLinuxSyllableUnix kernelsBSDFreeBSDNetBSDOpenBSDSolaris and OpenSolarisAIXDOSDR-DOSMS-DOSMicrosoft Windows 9x series (95, 98, Windows 98SE, Me)Mac OS kernel, up to Mac OS 8.6OpenVMSXTS-400[edit] See alsoExokernelHybrid kernelKernel (computer science)MicrokernelNanokernelv • d • eOperating systemGeneralHistory of operating systems, Timeline of operating systems, Comparison of operating systems, Operating system developmentKernelMicrokernel, Monolithic kernel, Hybrid kernel, Kernel space, Loadable kernel module, Nanokernel, device driver, User space, UserlandProcess managementProcess, Multiprogramming, Interrupt, Protected mode, Supervisor mode, Computer multitasking, Scheduling, Context switch, Cooperative multitasking, Preemptive multitasking, CPU modes, Thread (computer science)Memory managementMemory protection, Segmentation, Paging, Memory management unit, Segmentation fault, General protection faultExamplesAmigaOS, BeOS, Microsoft Windows, Linux, UNIX, OpenSolaris, Mac OS X, MS-DOS, ReactOS, more...Miscellaneous conceptsBoot loader, Application programming interface, Virtual file system, Computer network, Graphical user interface, Hardware abstraction layerRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" Categories: Operating system technology | Monolithic kernelsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Log in / create account if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help Toolbox What links here Related changesUpload fileSpecial pages Printable version Permanent linkCite this page Languages Afrikaans Česky Deutsch Español Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Svenska Türkçe 中文   This page was last modified on 6 September 2008, at 03:26. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers if (window.runOnloadHook) runOnloadHook(); |
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