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SLOCCountSLOCCount This is the home page of "SLOCCount", a set of tools forcounting physical Source Lines of Code (SLOC) in a large number of languagesof a potentially large set of programs.This suite of tools was used in my papersMore than a Gigabuck: Estimating GNU/Linux's SizeandEstimating Linux's Sizeto measure the SLOC of entire GNU/Linux distributions, and my essayLinux Kernel 2.6: It's Worth More!Others havemeasuredDebian GNU/Linux and thePerl CPAN libraryusing this tool suite.SLOCCount runs on GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Apple Mac OS X, Windows,and hopefully on other systems too.To run on Windows, you have to installCygwin firstto create a Unix-like environment for SLOCCount(Cygwin users: be sure to use ``Unix'' newlines, not ``DOS'' newlines,when you install Cygwin).Free and easy to useSLOCCount is released under the General Public License (GPL), so youcan immediately download it -- at no cost! --and you can modify it to suit your needs.SLOCCount has a number of ease-of-use features.You can easily install it, particularly on RPM-basedGNU/Linux systems.For most situations, once it's installed all you need to do is type thisto measure all the code in a given directory (including its descendants): sloccount directorynameSLOCCount can automatically identify andmeasure the following languages (common extensions for the language arelisted in parentheses):Ada (.ada, .ads, .adb)Assembly (.s, .S, .asm)awk (.awk)Bourne shell and variants (.sh)C (.c)C++ (.C, .cpp, .cxx, .cc)C shell (.csh)COBOL (.cob, .cbl) as of version 2.10C# (.cs) as of version 2.11Expect (.exp)Fortran (.f)Haskell (.hs) as of version 2.11Java (.java)lex/flex (.l)LISP/Scheme (.el, .scm, .lsp, .jl)Makefile (makefile) - not normally shown.Modula-3 (.m3, .i3) as of version 2.07Objective-C (.m)Pascal (.p, .pas)Perl (.pl, .pm, .perl)PHP (.php, .php[3456], .inc) as of version 2.05Python (.py)Ruby (.rb) as of version 2.09sed (.sed)SQL (.sql) - not normally shown.TCL (.tcl, .tk, .itk)Yacc/Bison (.y)SLOCCount includes a number of heuristics, so it can automaticallydetect file types, even those that don't use the "standard" extensions, andconversely, it can detect many files that have a standardextension but aren't really of that type.The SLOC counters have enough smarts to handle oddities of severallanguages.For example, SLOCCount examines assembly language files, determinesthe comment scheme, and then correctly counts the lines automatically.It also correctly handles language constructs that are often mishandled byother tools, such as Python's constant strings when used as commentsand Perl's "perlpod" documentation.SLOCCount will even automatically estimate the effort, time, and moneyit would take todevelop the software (if it was developed as traditional proprietary software).Without options, it will use the basic COCOMO model, which makes theseestimates solely from the count of lines of code.You can get better estimates if you have more information about the project;see the SLOCCount documentation forinformation on howto control the estimation formulas used in SLOCCount.SLOCCount comes with extensive documentation - youshould be able to just pick it up and use it.TestimonialsI've received many nice comments about SLOCCount. Here are some:"SLOCCount allows me to easily andquickly quantify the source lines of code and variety in languages.Even though these are just two fairly basic aspects of a project, ithelps a lot to get a first impression of the size and complexity ofprojects." -- Auke Jilderda, Philips Research."Thanks for creating it. good work."-- David Neiss, Qualcomm."SLOCCount has really helped us a lot in our studies on libre softwareengineering"-- Jesus M. Gonzalez Barahona, Grupo de Sistemas y Comunicaciones,ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos."Thanks for SLOCCount! It's great...We're using SLOCs derived from SLOCCount tocompare our software to the software it replaces ...Keep up the good work"-- Sam Tregar"Wow, using sloccount on the fullPOPFile source shows that developingit would have cost around $500K in a regular software company.That seems about right given the length of time we've been workingon it and the number of people involved. Cool tool."-- John Graham Cumming(Organizational affiliations shown are not necessarilyorganizational endorsements)And of course, simple use is a great testament to its utility.Krugle uses sloccount(here's an example),and I'm sure there are others.Thanks to everyone who enjoys the tool!Papers using SLOCCountHere are some papers that reference SLOCCount:Eric Laffoon'sQt, the GPL, Business and Freedom: Special to Open for Business,published by Open for Business on August 5, 2004,includes data from SLOCCount.my More than a Gigabuck: Estimating GNU/Linux's Size and Estimating Linux's Size,which measured the SLOC of entire GNU/Linux distributionsmy Linux Kernel 2.6: It's Worth More!here's a paper that measured Debian GNU/Linuxthis one measured the Perl CPAN librarySLOCCount statistics for Debian Sarge can be found here.How to download your copyYou can:View the SLOCCount documentationView the ChangeLogDownload version 2.26 (the latest version). You can get it in the following formats: tar.gz, i386 binary RPM v4 (suitable for Red Hat Linux 9 on Intel), Source RPM v4 (suitable for non-Intel, and should be recompilable on any RPM-based system using RPM version 4 or later). Download an older version.To acquire an older version, request sloccount-VERSIONNUMBER.tar.gz.SLOCCount is already packaged for Debian; you can just automaticallydownload and install SLOCCount using Debian's normal tools (such as apt-get).You can see more information at theweb page on Debian packages.If you download the tar files, just follow the installation instructionsin the README file.Let me head off one common email request:If you get error messages like "break_filelist: command not found",that means you didn't follow the installation directions.SLOCCount is actually a suite of programs, and you must make sure thatyour PATH environment variable includes the directory of theSLOCCount executable programs.That means you need to install the programs that your PATH variablealready includes, or you need to modify your PATH variable.This is actually true for many programs, and isn't unique toSLOCCount at all.Current limitationsSLOCCount currently only measures physical SLOC, and not thealternative logical SLOC.Adding logical SLOC should not be too difficult, it's just that I didn'tneed it for my purposes.If anyone wishes to add that capability, please do so; I accept patches.It can only provide estimates, and if you don't calibrate it, it willuse data from other programs that may or may not be representative.Warning:there's more to a software program than just how many lines of code it has, as the August 26, 2003 Dilbert strip shows.Some versions of perl cause a problem inline 688 of break_filelist.Fixing this isn't as simple as it should be.If you replace: open(FH, "-|", "md5sum", $filename) or return undef;with: open(FH, "-|", "md5sum $filename") or return undef; it will "work" but create a massive security vulnerability.If the programs you analyze have nasty filenames like"x;rm -fr $HOME", the creator of the program can make you runarbitrary programs and cause bad things to happen(in this example, erasing all your files).Support and MaintenanceI have transitionedSLOCCount maintenance and support to SourceForge.net.It has a mailing list for discussion of use and modification,trackers for bugs and feature requests,and a publicly-accessible software configuration management system(using Subversion).If you use the tool significantly (or think you might), or are interestedin making changes to it, please visit, join the mailing list, andbecome a part of the community.Related programsI've learned of other programs that work with SLOCCount and do usefulthings; you may want to look with them as well:Rasmus Toftdahl Olesen'ssloc2htmltakes the output of SLOCCount and turns it into HTML.Here's an example of sloc2html output.I didn't write this code originally, but manypeople have asked for it.sloc2html wasoriginally released here but since disappeared from the Internet,so I've had to recover a copy (and I made a few tweaks).sloc2html is released under the GNU General Public License v. 2 or higher,and requires Python to run (it's written in Python).To use sloc2html, first run sloccount usingthe --wide and --multiproject options, and store its results in a file.Then run sloc2html, with that filename as its own argument.Here's an example: sloccount --wide --multiproject . > result.txt sloc2html.py result.txtBe sure to use the same filename for sloc2html.py that you stored on yoursystem, and as always, make sure your PATH variable includes thedirectory where the executables are stored.SLOC Comparetakes several sloccount output files (or several results stored in one file)and visualizes the output, so you see changes over time.The author, Josef Spillner, has used it to analyze KDE.FLOSSmole (formerly OSSmole)is a set of tools for gathering data (metrics) about the development of free/libre/open source projects. "We also publish the resulting analyses about FLOSS projects, and accept data donations from other research groups!"You can also viewmy home page. |
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